Grape pomace is a potential source of natural antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant and cardioprotective properties of fresh and fermented pomace extracts obtained from Vitis vinifera L. red variety Fetească neagră grown in Romania in 2015 were investigated. Grape pomace extracts total phenolic index, total tannins, total anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ol monomers, stilbenes, and DPPH free radical scavenger were measured. The effect of a seven-day pretreatment with grape pomace extracts on the isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion in rats was assessed by ECG monitoring, serum levels of creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase. Total serum oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde, total thiols, and nitric oxide have been also assessed. Higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in fermented pomace extracts when compared to fresh pomace extracts. Pretreatment with grape pomace extracts significantly improved cardiac and oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, Fetească neagră pomace extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity due to an important phenolic content. In vivo, the extracts had cardioprotective effects against isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion by reducing oxidative stress, fresh pomace extracts having a better effect.

The pathophysiology of inflammation and oxidative stress generated during different types of cancers and anticancer treatments is well documented. Traditionally, grape pomace is used for animal feed, organic fertilizers, ethanol production or is disposed as waste. Because grape pomace is a rich source of antioxidant compounds, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects of fresh and fermented grape pomace extracts of two Vitis vinifera L. varieties Feteascan eagrăand Pinot noir cultivated in Romania. Firstly, grape pomace phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant tests were performed. Secondly, the effect of a seven-day pretreatment with grape pomace extracts on the turpentine oil-induced inflammation in rats was assessed by measuring total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde, total thiols, nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine. Thirdly, the antiproliferative properties were evaluated on human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), murine melanoma (B164A5), and keratinocyte (HaCat) cell lines. Feteascăneagrăand Pinot noir grape pomace extracts have a rich content of polyphenols and in vitro antioxidant effect. Fermented samples had higher polyphenol content, but fresh samples had better antioxidant activity. Pretreatment with grape pomace extracts reduced inflammation-induced oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent way, fresh samples being more efficient. The malignant cells' proliferation was inhibited by all grape pomace extracts, fermented Feteascăneagraȇ xtracts having the strongest effect. Conclusion: fresh and fermented pomace extracts of Vitis vinifera L. varieties Feteascăneagrăand Pinot noir cultivated in a Romanian wine region have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects.

Fresh and fermented pomace extracts from Vitis vinifera L. Pinot noir were investigated. Total phenolic index, condensed tannins, total anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavan-3-ol monomers, stilbenes and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenger ability were measured. The effect of seven days pre-treatment on the isoprenaline-induced infarct-like lesion in rats was assessed by monitoring ECG and serum aspartate and alanine transaminase and creatine kinase. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring serum total oxidative status, total antioxidant response, oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde, total thiols and nitric oxide. The extracts had high phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Both extracts improved ECG changes, cardiac markers and oxidative stress. In conclusions, fresh and fermented Pinot noir pomace extracts were cardio-protective by reducing oxidative stress. RezumatAu fost evaluate extractele proaspete și fermentate din tescovină de stuguri Pinot noir. A fost efectuată analiza fitochimică și s-a determinat activitatea antioxidantă in vitro cu DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil). Efectul pre-tratamentului de șapte zile asupra infarctului miocardic acut indus cu izoprenalină la șobolani a fost evaluat prin ECG și prin monitorizarea nivelurilor serice de transaminaze și creatin-kinază. Stresul oxidativ a fost evaluat prin determinarea serică a statusului oxidativ total, reactivității antioxidante totale, a indexului stresului oxidativ, a malondialdehidei, a tiolilor totali și a oxidului nitric. Ambele extracte au avut un conținut ridicat de polifenoli și activitate antioxidantă in vitro. Extractele au îmbunătățit modificările ECG, biomarkerii cardiaci și stresul oxidativ. În concluzie, extractele de tescovină de Pinot noir au avut efect cardioprotector prin reducerea stresului oxidativ.

The aim of this study was to analyze the content of functional tannins in grape pomace skin, seed, and mixed flour, from Feteasca Neagra and Italian Riesling varieties. Results showed that all compounds were present in the highest concentration in grape pomace seed flours and the lowest in skin flours. The concentration of total tannins and total flavan-3-ol monomers in all flour samples ranged from 37.34 to 72.28 mg epicatechin/g dry weight and 0.57 to 3.13 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Among monomers, (+)-catechin was found in the highest concentration, except in Italian Riesling seed flours, where (-)-epicatechin was predominant. The mDP of proanthocyanidins in seed flour (7.15 to 8.07) is lower than that of skin flours (10.83 to 18.43) while the opposite was observed for %G. As a result, all Feteasca Neagra and Italian Riesling grape pomace flours, especially seed flour, could be used as sources of functional tannins in alimentary or pharmaceutical industry.

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