The yield and other quantitative (number of plants, number of tubers, weight of tubers per 1 m 2 ) and qualitative parameters (content of vitamin c, starch, nitrogen and dry matter) of the Solanum tuberosum l. early variety "collete" have been studied in ecological and low-input farming systems with two levels of organic fertilization during [2003][2004][2005]. The experiment was situated in water-protected zone of western Slovakia on luvi-Haplic chernozem. after harvest of forecrop in higher level of organic fertilization treatment catch crop -phacelia and mustard was grown. Highly significant differences in each studied parameters of potato tubers between certain years were ascertained, thus great influence of weather conditions on quality and quantity of potatoes was confirmed. Yields was highly significantly influenced also by farming systems, when in low-input system the average yield was 21.38 t ha -1 and in ecological system 20.02 t ha -1 . Green manure management did not influence yield significantly. In treatment without green manure the average yield 20.47 t ha -1 was reached with comparison to green manure application treatments 20.93 t ha -1 . In low-input system significantly higher C vitamin content (4.23 mg 100g -1 ) was ascertained compared to ecological one 3.53 mg 100g -1 . other qualitative parameters were more or less on the same level. We recommended both farming system for growing potatoes in water vulnerable zones and for better fulfil the Good Agricultural Practices in Slovak conditions. Keywords: potatoes, Solanum tuberosum l., ecological and low-input farming systems, yield, potatoes quality Rozšírený abstrakt V poľných podmienkach lokality Borovce bol skúmaný vplyv ekologického (ES) a low-input (LIS) systémov hospodárenia na pôde pri dvoch úrovniach organického hnojenia na výšku úrody a vybrané kvalitatívne znaky ľuľka zemiakového (Solanum V oboch systémoch hospodárenia bola slama a ostatné pozberové zvyšky zaorané do pôdy a používalo sa klasické obrábanie pôdy. Ľuľok zemiakový bol pestovaný v 6 honovom osevnom postupe: hrach siaty -pšenica letná f. ozimná (po zbere pri B úrovni hnojenia aj medziplodina facélia vratičolistá + horčica biela v pomere 15 kg ha -1 + 15 kg ha -1 ) -ľulok zemiakový (30 t ha -1 maštaľného hnoja) -jačmeň siaty f. jarná (s podsevom ďateliny lúčnej) -ďatelina lúčna -pšenica letná f. ozimná (po zbere pri B úrovni hnojenia aj medziplodina facélia vratičolistá + horčica biela v pomere 15 kg ha -1 + 15 kg ha -1 ).Na úrodu a úrodotvorné prvky (počet rastlín na 1 m 2 , počet hľúz na 1 m 2 , hmotnosť hľúz na 1 m 2 ), ako i na všetky sledované znaky kvality (obsah vitamínu C, obsah škrobu, obsah dusíka a obsah sušiny) mal štatisticky vysoko preukazný vplyv ročník (Tabuľka 4, 5).Úroda bola preukazne ovplyvnená aj pestovateľským systémom. V LIS sa dosiahlo 21.38 t ha -1 zemiakov a v ES 20,2 t ha -1 . Zelené hnojenie neovplyvnilo preukazne výšku úrody, ktorá bola v intervale 20,47 -20,93 t ha -1 v prospech zeleného hnojenia (Tabuľka 4).Z kvalitatívnych znakov bol p...
The parameters determining the agronomic and economic performance of genetically modified maize hybrid MON 89034 × NK603 and conventional hybrids were compared under conditions that eliminated the herbicide tolerance in GM hybrid as well as the use of insecticides in conventional hybrids. The GM hybrid confirmed ability to protect itself against the European corn borer and its average grain yield was higher by 6.36-14.42% (i.e. 0.82-1.86 t/ha) in comparison with conventional hybrids. The year of cultivation statistically significant influenced agronomic parameters and the financial income of maize production. The maize genotype did not statistically significantly affected any evaluated parameter. The final income was statistically significant (P < 0.05) negatively influenced by all observed agronomic parameters with the exception of the seed price. The price of maize grains on the market was the only one factor that statistically significant (P < 0.05) influenced financial income of the maize production.
In the years 2003-2005 the field experiment was realized in the maize-barley growing region on degraded Chernozem. Two different farming systems -organic and conventional were compared. The yield and grain quality of winter wheat in organic and conventional farming system were evaluated. Winter wheat was used twice a crop rotation time -after pea and clover. The quality parameters of winter wheat (grain volume weight, protein content, Zeleny test, wet gluten content) were measured after harvest. The yield and grain quality parameters were statistically significantly affected by farming system, forecrop and weather conditions. Grain yield, grain volume weight, protein content and wet gluten content were significantly higher in conventional farming system than in organic one. Even though, grain quality of winter wheat in organic farming corresponded to elite (E) or standard (A) technological quality of wheat according to the Slovak Technological Standard STN 46 1100-2. The yield of winter wheat was increased and grain quality parameters were improved by using pea as the forecrop in comparison to clover.
Influence of Soil Cultivation Technologies and Fertilisation on Productivity and Energy Production of Arable Crops The influence of three soil tillage technologies and two fertilisation levels on a productivity of crops and biomass for energy use, expressed in yield, cereal units (CU), energy acquired and indicative price of energy per hectare was evaluated at the experimental fields of Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany during 2007-2009. The highest yield of dry matter has been identified for maize for silage 19.41 t/ha, followed by winter oilseed rape 15.77 t/ha, triticale 15.39 t/ha and winter wheat 14.08 t/ha. Conventional tillage created soil condition for higher yield of dry matter in an average 17.92 t/ha, followed by minimum soil tillage 16.27 t/ha and no-till-age technology 14.3 t/ha. Nitrogen-based fertilisation (N120) has ensured a significantly higher yield of dry matter and a higher price of acquired energy €491.1 compared with €462.1 of zero-nitrogen fertilisation. The highest yield of cereal units has been identified for maize for silage 9.01 CU, followed by winter wheat 5.21 CU, triticale 4.70 CU and winter oilseed rape 4.55 CU. Energy of maize for silage has been calculated from biogas, winter oilseed rape from rape methyl ester, straw and crop residues, and for winter wheat and triticale from ethanol and straw. Average energy storage in plant biomass of crop rotation was 222.93 GJ/ha. The highest amount of energy acquired has been identified for winter oilseed rape 342.80 GJ/ha, followed by maize for silage with 236.99 GJ/ha, winter triticale 159.39 GJ/ha and winter wheat 152.52 GJ/ha.
Soil physical properties were investigated in two types of growing systems -integrated no-till system and conventional system with ploughing, in 1999 -2005 on chernozem in maize growing region. Bulk density decreased and total porosity increased during 7 years in both growing systems. In integrated system the improvement of soil physical properties could be explained by remaining of plant residues on soil surface. In conventional system the plant residues were incorporated into soil by ploughing. This led to the higher proportion of organic matter in soil. Soil cultivated conventionally had significantly higher value of reduced bulk density, significantly lower porosity and significantly higher values of soil moisture compared to soil in integrated no-till system. Maximum capillary water capacity was not significantly influenced by soil cultivation. Values of investigated soil physical properties in both systems were not markedly different from the typical values of cultivated chernozem. AbstraktPočas siedmich rokov 1999 -2005 boli na černozemi hnedozemnej, v kukuričnej výrobnej oblasti, sledované fyzikálne vlastnosti pôdy v dvoch pestovateľských systémochv integrovanom bezorbovom a v konvenčnom s orbou. Počas sedemročného obdobia došlo k zníženiu objemovej hmotnosti redukovanej a k zvýšeniu celkovej pórovitosti pôdy pri oboch spôsoboch obrábania pôdy. Zlepšenie fyzikálnych vlastností pôdy možno vysvetliť ponechávaním rastlinných zvyškov na povrchu pôdy v integrovanom systéme a ich zaorávaním v konvenčnom systéme pestovania plodín, čo zvýšilo podiel organickej hmoty v pôde. Pôda obrábaná konvenčným spôsobom sa vyznačovala štatisticky preukazne vyššou objemovou hmotnosťou redukovanou a štatisticky preukazne nižšou pórovitosťou. Tiež ju 254
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