Molecular structures of the most prominent chiral non‐racemic hypervalent iodine(III) reagents to date have been elucidated for the first time. The formation of a chirally induced supramolecular scaffold based on a selective hydrogen‐bonding arrangement provides an explanation for the consistently high asymmetric induction with these reagents. As an exploratory example, their scope as chiral catalysts was extended to the enantioselective dioxygenation of alkenes. A series of terminal styrenes are converted into the corresponding vicinal diacetoxylation products under mild conditions and provide the proof of principle for a truly intermolecular asymmetric alkene oxidation under iodine(I/III) catalysis.

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A calcium-catalyzed direct amination of pactivated alcohols with different nitrogen nucleophiles under very mild reaction conditions is presented. The high reactivity of the calcium catalyst allows for an efficient conversion of secondary and tertiary benzylic and allylic as well as tertiary propargylic alcohols. Nitrogen nucleophiles such as carbamates, tosylamides and anilines are readily alkylated at room temperature.

The first trans-selective [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of a new type of donor-acceptor cyclopropane with aldehydes is presented. 2,2-Disubstituted cyclopropanes, bearing an alkyne moiety as the sole donor entity, were transformed to highly substituted tetrahydrofurans in the presence of a catalytic amount of Ca(NTf2)2/Bu4NPF6. The protocol allows for an easy access to tetrahydrofurans bearing a versatile alkyne substituent at the quarternary 2-position under very mild reaction conditions.

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