InxGa1–xN/GaN single and multi quantum well (MQW) structures with x ≈ 0.13 were investigated optically by photoreflectance, photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, and luminescence. Clear evidence of unintentional indium incorporation into the nominal GaN barrier layers is found. The unintentional In content is found to be around 3%. Inhomogeneous distribution of In atoms occurs within the distinct quantum well (QW) layers, which is commonly described as statistical alloy fluctuation and leads to the characteristic S-shape temperature shift of emission energy. Furthermore, differences in emission energy between the first and the other QWs of a MQW stack are found experimentally. This effect is discussed with the help of model calculations and is assigned to differences in the confining potential due to unwanted indium incorporation for the upper QWs.
Anders als noch vor zwei bis drei Jahren ist «E-Commerce» nicht mehr in aller Munde. Der Begriff hat auch den Nimbus verloren, den er noch bis vor kurzem hatte: «E-Commerce» ist nicht mehr das Zauberwort für Fortschritt, Wachstum und dgl., sondern der Begriff hat durchaus auch kritische Beitöne bekommen. Mit diesem kleinen Handicap tritt das von HANS-WERNER MORITZ und THOMAS DREIER herausgegebene Handbuch zum (deutschen) E-Commerce-Recht an, das nachstehend vorgestellt werden soll. Zwei Eigenschaften des Werkes verdienen besondere Erwähnung und heben es von den meisten juristischen Werken, insbesondere im Bereich von E-Commerce, ab:
In this paper, I discuss the evolving idea of the "One World" as articulated in Wolfgang Sachs' article (1992), which was derived from the principles of the 1945 UN Charter. The paper also presents an insightful discussion on the recent crisis of perception in the three 'world regions' which are dominating the development discourse i.e. the Unites States, Europe and China. It argues that this is primarily a crisis of perception; "the world has turned into a mirror, which reflects a reality of us, which is constructed by experts of the system". It argues that placeless cultural knowledge has transformed our reality into a reality which lacks a place. We are stuck in our space -centered belief systems and we are everywhere and nowhere at the same time. The paper concludes that universalism has made us to be alone in space, knowing about the whole world, but at the same time unable to feel the connection to this world. We have lost presence, the ability to perceive our body and therefore the relation to the earth.
InxGa1−xN/GaN multiple quantum well structures (x = 0.13 and 0.18) embedded into p–i–n diodes on (202¯1¯) and (202¯1) oriented GaN substrates were investigated by electroreflectance, photocurrent, and electroluminescence. Transition energies in absorption and emission experiments were measured as a function of the polarization orientation of light and applied bias voltage. The results were analyzed by a perturbation theoretical model to determine polarization fields. For the (202¯1¯) sample (x = 0.18), the flatband voltage is found at +1 V corresponding to a polarization field of −458 kV/cm. For the (202¯1) sample (x = 0.13), the polarization field is estimated to be ≈+330 kV/cm at flatband voltage higher than turn-on voltage of this light emitting diode.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.