No abstract

Psychologists and educational specialists with expertise in areas related to intelligence testing responded to a questionnaire dealing with a wide variety of issues constituting the IQ controversy. Overall, experts hold positive attitudes about the validity and usefulness of intelligence and aptitude tests. Tests are seen as adequately measuring most important elements of intelligence, although the tests are believed to be somewhat racially and socioeconomically biased. There is overwhelming support for a significant within-group heritability for IQ and a majority of respondents feel that black-white and socioeconomic status IQ differences are also partially hereditary. Problems with intelligence tests are perceived in the influence of nonintellectual characteristics on test performance and in the frequent misinterpretation and overreliance on test scores in elementary and secondary schools. Despite these difficulties, experts favor the continued use of intelligence and aptitude tests at their present level. Variation in responding to substantive questions on testing is largely resistant to prediction by a host of demographic and background variables, including within-sample variation in expertise.

This article first examines the ideological composition of American university faculty and then tests whether ideological homogeneity has become self-reinforcing. A randomly based national survey of 1643 faculty members from 183 four-year colleges and universities finds that liberals and Democrats outnumber conservatives and Republicans by large margins, and the differences are not limited to elite universities or to the social sciences and humanities. A multivariate analysis finds that, even after taking into account the effects of professional accomplishment, along with many other individual characteristics, conservatives and Republicans teach at lower quality schools than do liberals and Democrats. This suggests that complaints of ideologically-based discrimination in academic advancement deserve serious consideration and further study. The analysis finds similar effects based on gender and religiosity, i.e., women and practicing Christians teach at lower quality schools than their professional accomplishments would predict.

Changing U.S. attitudes toward new technologies are examined, as are explanations of such changes. We hypothesize that increased concern with the risks of new technologies by certain elite groups is partly a surrogate for underlying ideological criticisms of U.S. society. The question of risk is examined within the framework of the debate over nuclear energy. Studies of various leadership groups are used to demonstrate the ideological component of risk assessment. Studies of scientists' and journalists' attitudes, media coverage of nuclear energy, and public perception of scientists' views suggest both that journalists' ideologies influence their coverage of nuclear energy and that media coverage of the issue is partly responsible for public misperceptions of the views of scientists. We conclude with a discussion of the historical development of the environmental movement in the 1960s and 1970s and the relation of this movement to the public's declining support for nuclear energy.

An 11 -year-old boy had had recurrent episodes of hepatic and cerebral dysfunction and underdeveloped musculature. Overt weakness developed at age 10. Lipid excess, especially in type I fibers, was found in muscle. Hypertrophied smooth endoplasmic reticulum and excessive microbodies were present in liver. Marked carnitine deficiency was shown in skeletal muscle, plasma, and liver. Ketogenesis was impaired on a high fat diet, but omega oxidation of fatty acids was enhanced. There was excessive glucose uptake and essentially no oxidation of labeled long-chain fatty acids by perfused forearm muscles in vivo. Oral replacement therapy restored plasma carnitine levels to normal, but not liver or muscle carnitine levels, and was accompanied by clinical improvement.The syndrome of systemic carnitine deficiency Clinical, morphologic, biochemical, and pathophysiologic features n 1972 Engel and Siekert described an unusual I variety of lipid storage myopathy in a 24-year-old woman. * The unusual features included a striking beneficial response to corticosteroid therapy and the c o e x i s t e n c e of a b n o r m a l l i v e r f u n c t i o n t e s t s . Subsequently, Engel and Angelini found that the skeletal muscle of this patient had a very low level of carnitine, and in vifro oxidation of fatty acids by her muscle was considerably reduced. 2 -3 This patient was the first recognized human example of carnitine deficiency. Since that report, at least four other patients have been identified. [4][5][6][7] This paper is a detailed report of a patient with systemic carnitine d e f i~i e n c y ,~ with special attention to the vaned clinical, morphologic, biochemical, and metabolic features of this disorder. Dr. Karpati's address is Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University St., Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 284.Case report. This 1 1-year-old boy was born after a full term uneventful pregnancy and delivery. Birth weight was 7 Ib. Milestones of his psychomotor development were normal, but according to his mother, he was always a "weak and clumsy child" and his neck and head were always "floppy."At age three and one-half years, the patient was hospitalized with acutely developing vomiting and a major convulsive seizure. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal, as was serum calcium. His blood sugar was reduced initially to 27 mg percent but subsequently was found to be normal on several occasions. He had some abnormal liver function tests; serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) 103 units (normal, less than 30) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) 125 units (normal, less than 1 5 units), but serum bilirubin was normal. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed a diffuse, high amplitude dysrhythmia. The cause of the acute encephalopathy and the abnormal liver function tests was not established and the child's clinical status, EEG, and liver function tests returned to normal.The patient started school at age six, but after completing grades 1 and 2 he had difficulties with writing and spelling. Psychometric evaluation reveal...