This paper presents a review of current worldwide efforts in automation and robotization for construction. Over a dozen countries are currently involved in such research efforts to overcome mainly declining productivity, increasing labor costs, hazards in the workplace, and scarcity of skilled labor. Research and development progress of Japanese contractors is emphasized, as they are aggressively introducing robots on site. A number of their leading contractors are visited, and applications of robotic equipment utilized on building construction sites in Japan are summarized. The Canadian construction industry, existing in a harsh climate and affected by shortages of skilled labor and high labor costs, needs to carefully consider construction robotics in order to meet its changing needs. The characteristics of the Canadian environment are presented and factors that have a direct bearing on the feasibility and implementation of robotics are emphasized. Different methods for the evaluation of the value of a construction robot are presented and applied to a numerical example. Comparisons are then made between the U.S. and Canada. It is believed that, given existing technology, economical constraints will either force or impede the implementation of robotics.Cet article traite des efforts dCployCs a l'tchelle mondiale dans le domaine de l'automatisation et de la robotisation de la construction. Plus d'une douzaine de pays participent prksentement a cette recherche qui vise principalement a solutionner les problkmes reliCs a la productivitC et a l'augmentation des coilts de la main-d'aeuvre, a Climiner les dangers sur les chantiers et a combler le manque de main-d'aeuvre qualifiCe. Une attention particulikre est accordCe aux progrks rCalisCs par les entrepreneurs japonais dans le domaine de la recherche et du dCveloppement de la robotique. Un certain nombre d'entre eux ont fait l'objet d'une visite et les applications de la robotique sur les chantiers de construction sont rCsumCes. L'industrie canadienne de la construction, aux prises avec des conditions climatiques rigoureuses, un manque de main-d'oeuvre qualifiCe et des codts de production ClevCs, doit considCrer strieusement la robotique comme solution pour faire face a des besoins en pleine Cvolution. Les caractCristiques de l'environnement canadien sont prCsentCes et les facteurs ayant un impact direct sur la faisabilitC et la mise en oeuvre de la robotique sont soulignks. Diverses mithodes d'Cvaluation de la valeur d'unrobot sont prCsentCes et appliquCes a un exemple numkrique. Des comparaisons sont ensuite effectuCes entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis.Compte tenu de la technologie existante, plusieurs sont d'avis que des contraintes Cconorniques vont soit entrainer ou empEcher la mise en oeuvre de la robotique.Mots ~1 6 s : industrie canadienne de la construction, robot pour la construction, automatisation, construction de bhtiments, productivitC, faisabilitt.Can. J. Civ. Eng. 16, 678-683 (1989)
The Canadian construction industry mus t fully consider the use of robotics if it is to meet its changing needs. This paper presents an approach for evaluating the implementation of robotics in construction activities. Each activity is considered in terms of strategic , tactical and operating needs. Since these needs may vary among different countries and regions , priorities are assigned based on social, economic, and political considerations. An example application is presented to illustrate the methodology.
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