BACKGROUND:An analysis of the current state of production of dairy cattle products shows that the effective development of this industry can only be ensured at a breakthrough technological level. There is a wide variety of automatic feeding systems (AFS) on the market, differing in the level of automation, technical complexity and other parameters. They are actively used on foreign farms, however they are not widely used in Russia, mainly because of their high cost. AIMS:Development of a conceptual model of an automatic cattle feeding system based on a wheeled robotic feeder for servicing animals on domestic farms and plants. METHODS:The development was based on the following studies: the analysis of products made by manufacturers of systems for the preparation and distribution of feed mixtures at cattle farms; studying the works of foreign scientists devoted to the research of automatic feeding systems; modeling the operation of a robotic feeder and a mobile feed mixer-distributor using the developed mathematical apparatus based on graph theory; the experiments carried out at Russian farms with functioning automatic feeding systems and at farms that are potential consumers of these technologies. RESULTS:The paper presents the results of statistical processing of information obtained during the review of robotic feeders made by the worlds leading manufacturers. It is noted that the existing AFSs are suitable for relatively small European farms. For Russian farms, capable to contain 800 or more cows, the structure of the AFS with two main configurations is proposed. A description of each of the configurations is given, the schematic implementation plan for one of the configurations is given. CONCLUSIONS:The proposed AFS makes it possible to effectively use robotic feed dispensers with a relatively small amount of required technological equipment. Its efficiency increases with an increase in the number of livestock serviced, especially in farms with combined animal husbandry, as the specific costs of technological equipment per head decrease.
В настоящее время перспективной технологией для кормления КРС является использование автоматических систем кормления (АСК), функцию раздачи кормосмесей в которых выполняют автоматические кормовые вагоны (кормовагоны), преимущественно подвесного типа. Цель исследования разработка методики определения конструктивнотехнологических параметров кормового вагона рассмотренной конструкции. В работе проведен обзор существующих решений у 17 компаний, занимающихся производством АСК. В основном данные технологии распространены в Германии, Австрии, Нидерландах и странах Скандинавии. На основании данного обзора выделены основные признаки, по которым различаются предлагаемые на рынке кормовагоны. Установлено, что наиболее распространенной технологией является использование подвесных кормовагонов, в состав конструкции которых входят продольный и поперечный транспортеры и битерное устройство, а загрузка готовых кормосмесей осуществляется из стационарного смесителя. В работе схематично представлена конструкция кормовагона, взятая за основу при расчетах. Описаны существующие технологии нормирования кормосмесей животным по массе (кг/гол), а также по объему (м3/гол). Приведены примеры их реализации, и дано описание принципа работы систем, позволяющих осуществлять раздачу с учетом реальных потребностей животных и фактического наличия кормосмесей на кормовом столе. Получены формулы, позволяющие определять скорость движения продольного транспортера для каждой из рассмотренных технологий нормирования, и формула для согласования этой скорости со скоростью движения поперечного (выгрузного) транспортера. Детально рассмотрен процесс формирования слоя кормосмеси на выгрузном транспортере. Использование предложенной методики позволяет рассчитать скорости продольного и поперечного транспортеров при проектировании автоматических кормовых вагонов предложенной конструкции.Currently, a promising technology for feeding cattle is the use of automatic feeding systems (AFS), the function of distribution of TMR in which automatic feed wagons (feed wagons), mainly of a suspended type, perform. The purpose of the study is the development of methods for determining the constructive and technological parameters of the feed wagon of the considered structure. The paper reviewed existing solutions from 17 companies engaged in the production of AFS. Basically, these technologies are common in Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and Scandinavian countries. Based on this review, the main features that distinguish the feed wagons on the market are highlighted. It has been established that the most common technology is the use of suspended feed wagons, whose design includes longitudinal and transverse conveyors and a beater device, and loading of finished feed mixtures is carried out from a stationary TMR mixer. A schematic representation of the design of the feed wagon, taken as the basis for the calculations, is presented. The existing technologies for rationing TMR to animals by weight (kg / cow), as well as by volume (m3 / cow) are described. Examples of their implementation are given, and a description is given of the principle of operation of the systems allowing distribution to be carried out taking into account the real needs of animals and the actual presence of TMR on the feeding table. Formulas have been obtained that allow determining the speed of movement of the longitudinal conveyor for each of the considered rationing technologies, and the formula for relating this speed to the speed of movement of the transverse (unloading) conveyor. The process of formation of the TMR layer on the transverse conveyor is considered in detail. Using the proposed method allows to calculate the speed of the longitudinal and transverse conveyors when the feed wagons of the proposed structure are designed.
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