A cell-free system from ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. shoot cultures and plants (shoots and roots) which is capable of incorporating (14)C-isopentenyl pyrophosphate ( (14)C-IPP) into artemisinin has been developed. The sterol inhibitors miconazole, AMO 1618, CCC, and MER 29 increased both the incorporation of (14)C-IPP into artemisinin by cell-free extracts and the production of artemisinin in shoot cultures of ARTEMISIA ANNUA.
Axenic callus and shoot cultures of pyrethrum have been shown to be capable of pyrethrin biosynthesis. The influence of explant source on the biosynthetic capacity in cultured tissue was examined. Explants of various plant organs were taken from high and low yielding plant selections. The conditions necessary for the establishment of these explants in culture are described. Analytical screening of the tissue lines enabled the selection of a few "high yielding" strains which were derived from high yielding plant selections. Differentiated cultures tended to produce more pyrethrins than did callus cultures.
Five dammarane-saponins (tentatively named ginsenosides-A,, A2, B1, B2 and C) were previously isolated from stems and leaves of Panax quinquefolium L. (American Ginseng [1]. These saponins, A2, B1, B2 and C were also reported to be identical with root-saponins of Panax ginseng C. A. MEYER, ginsenosides-Rg, [2], Rd [3], Re [4] and Rb2 13], respectively. The saponin A,, however, was not identical with any of the known saponins of roots and leaves of P. ginseng. The purpose of this study is to identify A, and to reinvestigate the identification of saponin C.
Three major compounds were isolated but not crystallized by thin-layer chromatography from the previously reported cardioactive semi-purified extracts o f Urginea maritima (LINNB) BAKER (white squill) tissue cultures. Compounds separated were different from the standard squill bufadienolides by ultraviolet, infrared and mass spectra. N o bufadienolides were identified in the tissue cultures studied.Red-purple pigments were produced in squill tissue cultures grown under light. These pigments were tentatively identified by absorption spectra and color reactions as anthocyanins containing a catechol group. N o such pigments were found in squill tissue cultures grown in the dark.
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