With the prohibition of the use of Antibiotic growth promotors (AGP) used in animal feed, especially in broilers, the use of feed additives such as herbs, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or mixtures of some of these ingredients is currently widely used as feed replacements for AGP substitutes. One of the commercial feed additives that contain combinations herbal and probiotics is Promix®. In broiler maintenance, one vaccine that must be given is Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of supplementation of commercial feed combination of herbs and probiotics in broilers given ND vaccines. A total of 42 broilers were divided into two, group A (vaccinated with ND) and B (not vaccinated ND), each with 21 heads. Group A is divided into groups A1, A2 and A3 each with 7 heads. The A1 group is given only basal feed; A2 basal feed and AGP; A3 basal feed and Promix®. Group B is divided by B1, B2 and B3 same as group A before. Broilers are maintained for 5 weeks and weighing each week. All data obtained were statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA and continued with Duncan's post hoc test. The results of this study were that the group of chickens given the ND vaccine and given supplements of Promix® had greater weight gain (P˂0.05) compared to the AGP and basal groups in the fifth week while in the group of chickens that were not given the ND vaccine but given supplement Promix® feed had greater weight gain (P˂0.05) compared to the AGP and basal groups in the fourth week. In the fifth week there was no significant difference (P˂0.05) between all feed groups in the group not given the ND vaccine. The conclusion of this study that feed additives contain combinations herbal and probiotics can replace AGP as feed additive in broiler. By giving ND vaccine the weight gain of the feed group plus Promix® showed a significant increase in weight gain.
Feline panleukopenia is an infectious disease caused by the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). The signs of infected cats in-clude fever, lethargy, anorexia, diarrhoea, and vomit. A secondary infection can exacerbate this condition, such as bacteria. The aim of this study to find out the diagnostic technique and the FPV detection method using the FPV antigen test kit. On August 2nd, 2021, the cat was brought to Griya Fauna Mojokerto with severe flu. In addition, based on the information, the cat has decreased appetite. The physical examination results that the temperature was 39.5 °C, bodyweight of 2.9 kg, and the cat looked weak when observed. Further, the FPV antigen test kit was used to confirm the diagnosis in this case. The FPV antigen test kit showed positive results that indicated by forming two lines on the test line (T) and the control line (C).
One of the feed additives that have long been used is Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP). But nowadays, the use of AGP as a growth promoter has been banned because it has negative impacts such as antimicrobial resistance. Campylobacter jejuni is a pathogenic bacterium that often infects birds, especially broilers. This research aims to investigate the role of synbiotic composed of a prebiotic, and Saccharomyces sp. and Lactobacillus sp. as probiotics (commercial products) in performance of broilers challenged with C. jejuni as a substitute for AGP. Twenty-one Day Old Chicks (DOC) of Cobb-strain broilers were divided into three groups, each consisting of 7 chicks. Group I was given basal diets, group II was given basal diets and AGP (with 250 g/ton of enramycin), and group III was given basal diets and synbiotic (100 gram/100 kg). C. jejuni challenge test was carried out at the 3 rd week. The results suggested that at week 4, group III showed more and significantly different body weight from that of group I, but it did not differ significantly from that of group II. Similarly, at week 4 the weight gain of group III was higher and significantly different compared to that of group I, but did not differ significantly from that of group II. Also, the carcass percentage at week 5 did not differ significantly among the groups, but group III had a higher percentage of carcasses than groups I and II. The addition of synbiotic can replace AGP as a feed additive because it can improve the performance of broilers challenged by C. jejuni.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a cause of colibacillosis in poultry, one of the respiratory disease that causes serious problems in the poultry industry. The APEC can cause high mortality and culling, decreased production, and high costs of treatment. Manifestations of colibacillosis are airsacculitis, perihepatitis, and pericarditis. The APEC serotypes that are widely identified in the field are O1K1, O2K1, and O78K80. Embryo lethality assay (ELA) is a method for determine the virulence of APEC serotypes. The aim of this study was to determine the virulence characteristic of APEC isolates. Five APEC serotypes O1K1, O2K1, O78K80, O157H7, and unknown serotype were used for ELA method by inoculated E. coli into chorioallantoic of specific pathogen free 12-days old embryos. Each group of 10 embryos, inoculated E. coli dose of 100-500 CFU/ 0,1 ml. Candling was carried out for 6 days (18-days old embryo) to determined the mortality and pathological lesions. The percentage of embryo mortality post-inoculated with APEC O1K1, O2K1, unknown serotypes were 100% (10/10), O78K80 serotype was 90% (9/10), and O157H7 serotype was 70% (70%). Lesions of all embryos were cranial and extremity hemorrhage. In this study, E. coli isolates had high virulence.
The use of probiotics as feed additives in farms has been widely known both at a small and large scale. As a substitute for the Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) that has been banned for animal feed, probiotics are used in broilers feeds to improve their performance. Campylobacter jejuni is a type of pathogenic bacteria that often infect birds, especially broilers, and reduce broiler's performance. This study aims to reveal the role of probiotics in the performance of broilers infected by Campylobacter jejuni. A total of 21 broiler Day Old Chicks (DOC) were divided into 3 groups of 7 with different diets: Group K as the control group were given basal diet, Group BA were given a mixture of basal diet and AGP, and Group BP were given a mixture of basal diet and probiotics. This treatment was implemented for 5 straight weeks. In week 3, a Campylobacter jejuni challenge test was conducted using body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and carcass percentage (CP) as the performance parameters. In terms of BW, from week 1 to week 3 no significant differences were found among the groups. In week 4, however, Group BP had a significantly higher BW that Group K, but insignificantly higher than Group BA. In terms of BWG, from week 1 to week 3 there was also no significant differences among the groups. However, in week 4, BWG in Group BP was found to be significantly higher than that of the other two groups. Finally, in terms of CP, Group BP was found to have higher CP than the other two groups, although the difference is not significant. These results show that probiotics can improve broilers' performance by suppressing Campylobacter jejuni infection.
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