Objective: The objective of present work was to utilize the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) form improvement in bioavailability of Sertraline as antidepressant drug formulated by emulsification- solvent evaporation technique with some modification. NLC is the blend of solid lipid, liquid lipid and surfactant for encapsulation of poor water soluble actives. Design: A full 32 factorial design was utilized to study the effect of two independent parameters namely solid lipid to liquid lipid concentration and stabilizer concentration on the entrapment efficiency of the prepared NLCs. The sertraline NLC formulation was characterized with respect to particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta-potential, encapsulation efficiency and physical morphology. Result: The NLC formulation had an average diameter of 96.59 nm, PDI of 0.192, zeta-potential of -39.88 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 97%, respectively. Conclusion: The NLC formulation for sertraline encapsulation has been successfully developed and is suitable for nose to brain delivery system due to their nano-size and sta
This review focuses on the design, synthesis and pharmacological effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) mefenamic acid which is an anthranilic acid derivative. Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain. Exploitation of the prodrug approach has the potential to achieve a reduction of mefenamic acid GI (gastrointestinal) intolerance, enhance its bioavailability, mask its unpleasant sensation and prolong its duration of action. Mefenamic acid, an effective NSAID has always been used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. A brief note on various marketed formulations of mefenamic acid provides an insight of the potential capability of this drug and its future scope.
The purpose of writing this review on gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) was to compile the recent literature with a special focus on various gastroretentive approaches that have recently become leading methodologies in the field of site-specific orally administered controlled release drug delivery. One of the complex processes in the human body is gastric emptying, as it is highly variable, which makes the in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. GRDDS has gained immense popularity in the field of oral drug delivery recently. It is a widely employed approach to retain the dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time and release the drug slowly that can address many challenges associated with the conventional oral delivery system. Conventional drug delivery systems may not overcome the issues imposed by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) such as incomplete release of drugs, decrease in dose effectiveness, and frequent dose requirement. To overcome this variability, a controlled drug delivery system with a prolonged gastric residence time of >12 h in the stomach can be of great practical importance for drugs with an absorption window in the upper small intestine. GRDFs enable prolonged and continuous release of the drug to the upper part of the GIT and thus significantly extend the duration of drug release and improve the bioavailability of drugs that have a narrow therapeutic window; by this way, they prolong dosing interval and increase compliance.
Background: Hypertension is an acute public health problem both in developed and in developing countries, like India. It remains silent, being generally asymptomatic during its clinical course. As it is hidden beneath an outwardly asymptomatic appearance, the disease does immense harm to the body in the form of 'Target Organ' damage; hence, the WHO has named it the 'Silent Killer'1. Job related psychosocial stress and sedentary life styles may directly and indirectly contribute to development of hypertension2. With urbanization, the problem of hypertension is growing rapidly to epidemic levels in the developing countries. This invisible epidemic is an underappreciated cause of poverty and hinders the economic development of many countries3. Assessing the association of risk factors with Hypertension in the community is equivalent to assessing the submerged portion of the iceberg which is so much more obscure. Objective: To carry out an Observational study amongst civil population of Bhopal to successfully determine the risk factors associated with Hypertension. Materials and Methods: 375 randomly selected individuals were subjected to check of blood pressure with two readings being taken by two different examiners at an interval of 15 minutes. Subsequently 157 individuals found Hypertensive were further screened for risk factors for Hypertension by measuring height, weight, BMI, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum HDL, random blood sugar levels, physical activity, smoking status & alcohol consumption. Results: Out of 375 individuals screened, 157 individuals were found to be having high blood pressure. About 15.4% were found to be obese with BMI > 23Kg/m2, 22% had hypercholesterolemia, 5.4% had IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance), 19.2% were current smokers and 3.4% were alcohol consumers. Higher age, BMI (Body Mass Index), high serum triglycerides, low serum HDL, IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance) and lack of exercising were found to be independently associated with Hypertension in multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Our findings recommend the constant monitoring of risk factors for Hypertension and the formulation of effective preventive strategies for adequate control of its alarming incidence. Keywords: Hypertension, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Body Mass Index, High Density Lipoprotein, Coronary Heart Disease.
The use of natural excipients to deliver the bioactive agents has been hampered by the synthetic materials. However advantages offered by these natural excipients are their being non-toxic, less expensive and freely available. The performance of the excipients partly determines the quality of the medicines. The traditional concept of the excipients as any component other than the active substance has undergone a substantial evolution from an inert and cheap vehicle to an essential constituent of the formulation. Gums are widely used natural excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms. With the increasing interest in polymers of natural origin, the pharmaceutical world has compliance to use most of them in the formulations. Since plant polysaccharides comply with many requirements expected of pharmaceutical excipients such as non-toxicity, stability, availability and renewability they are extensively investigated for use in the development of solid oral dosage forms. Furthermore, polysaccharides with varying physicochemical properties can be extracted from plants at relatively low cost and can be chemically modified to suit specific needs. Excipients are any component other than the active substance(s) intentionally added to formulation of a dosage form. This article gives an overview of herbal excipients which are used in conventional dosage forms as well as novel drug delivery systems.
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