To obtain automatic smooth switching between energy sources present in Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is the main problem associated with Hybrid Electric Vehicles / Electric Vehicles (HEVs/EVs). The key objective of this work is to design a particular control strategy which is useful to switch the battery and ultracapacitor (UC) corresponding to the vehicle dynamics. In this work a new control strategy is realized by hybridizing two controllers. A math function based controller (MFB) is designed with four separate math functions in association with speed of an electric motor, which indicates that the speed of an electric motor plays a vital role during transition of energy sources. The combination, MFB and conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller forms the hybrid controller which meets the main objective of the proposed work. Finally, the designed hybrid controller generates and regulates the switching signal of DC-DC converters with smooth transition can be obtains corresponding to the vehicle dynamics. The proposed methodology is implemented especially in four modes with different load; all simulation results are plotted and discussed.
The three wheeled auto rickshaws are most extensively used in India for transporting people and cargo. Even though the existing vehicle design is robust in the operating environment, but the emission control is minimal owing to the use of inefficient internal combustion engines. The best way to revamp the existing auto rickshaw is to develop a solar assisted auto rickshaw with efficient electric drive train to minimize the emissions at the tail pipe. This paper presents the development of solar assisted three wheeler auto rickshaw and also to implement an energy management strategy suitable for Indian citydriving pattern and driving requirements setup. The proposed auto rickshaw is modeled in Simulink software, fabricated and tested at different traffic conditions. From the test results it is concluded that the fabricated solar assisted auto rickshaw mimic the existing conventional auto rickshaw.
The high power density capability of Ultracapacitor (UC) can be utilized by developing of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) with a conventional power source, battery. UC power mainly used during peak power requirement of electric vehicle (EV) / Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) on the other hand side battery is treated as a main source of the entire system and it serves the average power to the load. Energy management between the sources, is the primary difficulty associated with HESS powered electric vehicles. The main aim of this work is to design a new control strategy approach which is used to switch the power sources according to the electric vehicle dynamics. Four math functions are created individually according to the speed of an electric motor, named as Math Function Based (MFB) controller. The designed MFB controller is combined with a Proportional Integral (PI) controller in order to achieve the main objective and applied to the solarpowered electric vehicles for a smooth transition between battery and UC. The principal goal of the designed MFB controller always regulates the pulse signals generated by the conventional PI controller, and this scenario happens with respect to the speed of an electric motor. A solar panel is connected to the electric vehicle which is used to charge the battery charge based on irradiance, temperature available conditions and discharge the same amount of energy during unavailable timings of sunlight All modes of the circuit is simulated in MATLAB and results are plotted, discussed in simulation results and discussion section.
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