Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) has been implemented for better energy efficiency to Hybrid/Electric Vehicles (HEV/EV), in that the main source is battery and UltraCapacitor (UC) is the auxiliary source. Switching of the energy sources according to the electric vehicle speed also plays an important role, to improve the life of the battery. So designing of the controller is a dynamic factor in case of electric /hybrid electric vehicles. The main objective of this paper is to design a controller for the transition between the sources, battery and Ultracapacitor. Here controller has been designed based on the Math function coding and this can be termed as Math Function Based (MFB) Controller. The controller generates the signals to the converters based on the speed of the motor. The MFB controller mainly designed to work in four modes and for each and every mode separate math function has been created. The overall system has been simulated in MATLAB and plotted the all results with discussions.
To obtain automatic smooth switching between energy sources present in Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is the main problem associated with Hybrid Electric Vehicles / Electric Vehicles (HEVs/EVs). The key objective of this work is to design a particular control strategy which is useful to switch the battery and ultracapacitor (UC) corresponding to the vehicle dynamics. In this work a new control strategy is realized by hybridizing two controllers. A math function based controller (MFB) is designed with four separate math functions in association with speed of an electric motor, which indicates that the speed of an electric motor plays a vital role during transition of energy sources. The combination, MFB and conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller forms the hybrid controller which meets the main objective of the proposed work. Finally, the designed hybrid controller generates and regulates the switching signal of DC-DC converters with smooth transition can be obtains corresponding to the vehicle dynamics. The proposed methodology is implemented especially in four modes with different load; all simulation results are plotted and discussed.
The high power density capability of Ultracapacitor (UC) can be utilized by developing of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) with a conventional power source, battery. UC power mainly used during peak power requirement of electric vehicle (EV) / Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) on the other hand side battery is treated as a main source of the entire system and it serves the average power to the load. Energy management between the sources, is the primary difficulty associated with HESS powered electric vehicles. The main aim of this work is to design a new control strategy approach which is used to switch the power sources according to the electric vehicle dynamics. Four math functions are created individually according to the speed of an electric motor, named as Math Function Based (MFB) controller. The designed MFB controller is combined with a Proportional Integral (PI) controller in order to achieve the main objective and applied to the solarpowered electric vehicles for a smooth transition between battery and UC. The principal goal of the designed MFB controller always regulates the pulse signals generated by the conventional PI controller, and this scenario happens with respect to the speed of an electric motor. A solar panel is connected to the electric vehicle which is used to charge the battery charge based on irradiance, temperature available conditions and discharge the same amount of energy during unavailable timings of sunlight All modes of the circuit is simulated in MATLAB and results are plotted, discussed in simulation results and discussion section.
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