Rao et al.: New Ways to Treat Diseases and TherapiesAlternative medicine is the most widely used remedy systems, in the treatment of various diseases. Alternative medicine is used widely because there are a large health care alternatives to be more congruent within the own values and beliefs towards health. Alternative medicine is more compatible with patients, offers more personal autonomy and control over the health care decisions. It is accepted worldwide because of its compatibility and acceptability in increasing the beliefs regarding the nature and meaning of health and illness. This review deals with various alternative therapies used such as Ayurveda, homeopathy, acupuncture, naturopathy, yoga, herbal medicine, massage therapy; effectiveness of the alternative medicine; assessment of the effectiveness of alternative medicine; sources of information about the alternative medicine; alternative medicine therapies in treatment of various diseases; perceived benefits of alternative medicine and thereby concluding with the increased level of acceptance of alternative medicine, its widespread use in various diseases and their treatment with various alternative therapies.

In the last few decades, polymeric nanoparticles have been emerged as a most promising and viable technology for targeted and controlled delivery of drugs as well as delivery of bioactive compounds such as genes, drugs, nucleic acids and proteins among other things, in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. They not only improve the solubility, bioavailability, and circulation time of previous medications, but they can also be tailor made to selectively release the drug at the target site. Furthermore, these polymeric nanoparticles can be transformed into stimuli sensitive systems based on either exogenous stimuli (such as ultrasound, light, electric pulses, magnetism) or by endogenous stimuli (such as PH, redox, enzymes, temperature, hypoxia, glucose) for efficient targeting and biodistribution of genes and drugs at specific sites. Polymeric nanoparticles for delivery of drugs and bioimaging has attained a considerable interest in various cancer therapies. In the present content, we discuss various types of stimuli-responsive-nanocarriers and their applications in different fields like bioimaging, drug delivery.,etc.

Srinivasarao et al.: Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Solifenacin Succinate and Tamsulosin HydrochlorideUsing first-order derivative techniques, a simple accurate and precise Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of solifenacin succinate and tamsulosin hydrochloride in combined dosage form. Every solifinacin succinate and tamsulosin hydrochloride was scanned in the wavelength region of 200-400 nm for determination of sampling wavelengths and selected sampling wavelengths were selected. Sampling wavelengths were chosen at 265 nm (zero crossing of solifinacin succinate) where the absorbance of tamsulosin hydrochloride was important and at 250 nm (zero crossing of tamsulosin hydrochloride) where the absorbance of solifinacin succinate was significant. For solifenacin succinate, linearity ranged from 10 to 100 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and 2 to 10 μg/ml for the correlation coefficient of tamsulosin hydrochloride is 0.9988. The median recovery was considered to be satisfactory. For the routine study of solifenacin succinate and tamsulosin hydrochloride in combined dosage forms, the approach proposed can be applied.

Nanocomposites have become a promising area of research and development. Nanocomposites are of two types: polymer nanocomposites and clay nanocomposites. In a large field of nanotechnology the polymer nanocomposites which can increase the mechanical properties have become a prominent area of current research and development. The clay nanocomposites increase the additional properties and have dominated the polymer literature. But there are a large number of other significant areas of current and emerging interest. The nanocomposites can be used as drug carriers due to their surface and rheological properties. This review will detail the technology involved with claypolymer based nanocomposites and also include other important areas including barrier properties, flammability resistance, biomedical applications, electrical/ electronic applications and fuel cell interest.

Kumari et al.: Box-Behnken Design for Formulation of Eslicarbazepine TabletsCurrent research has been done to develop statistically and optimized immediate release tablets for eslicarbazepine. Nineteen formulations of eslicarbazepine acetate immediate release tablets are prepared by wet granulation. The three-dimensional Box-Behnken design at three levels (3 3 ) was developed to study how selected independent variables affect dependent responses. After the initial test, three independent items were selected as follows; polyvinylpyrrolidone (A), tapioca starch (B) and galbanum gum (C). Responses to measure were the time of disintegration (Y1) and in vitro drug release at 45 min (Y2). In accordance with the independent variables, three different levels were established as the lowest, highest and middle variables tested. The predicted formula formulated with the Box-Behnken statistical design consisted of polyvinylpyrrolidone, tapioca starch and galbanum gum at the optimum levels of 2.49, 2.77 and 3 respectively.

Enzalutamide is a potent second‐generation androgen receptor inhibitor that is used to treat metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. It was developed by Medivation and Astellas and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012 under the brand name Xtandi. Enzalutamide has three major anticancer mechanisms, it inhibits the binding of androgens to the ligand‐binding domain of androgen receptors; inhibits nuclear translocation of androgen receptors; inhibits binding of androgen receptors to deoxyribonucleic acid. It demonstrates reduced expression of androgen receptor‐dependent genes, decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation, and induction of cancer cell death and tumor regression. As a result, patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer have a higher chance of survival. Enzalutamide is very important in anticancer therapy, hence, it's necessary to compile all the analytical and bio‐analytical methods to monitor the bioequivalence, bioavailability, and therapeutic monitoring of a drug substance during the course of patient follow‐ups. Thus, this study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on characteristics, properties, and analytical and bio‐analytical methods in various matrices, including formulations, biological fluids, and drug delivery systems.

Aim: To develop and evaluate solid dispersions of carvedilol to enhance solubility and dissolution rate using different hydrophilic carriers. Materials and Methods: Estimation of carvedilol was carried out using validated UV method. Solubility studies of pure drug were evaluated in the presence of different hydrophilic carrier with selected weight ratios in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl). Solid dispersions of carvedilol were prepared successfully using different hydrophilic carriers (mannitol, lactose, and polyethylene glycol [PEG] 4000) as solubilizer by solvent evaporation method. The prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for their physicochemical and micrometric characteristics such as physical appearance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), flow properties, drug content, and in vitro drug release studies. Results and Discussion: This research work has been made to enhance the solubility of pure drug of carvedilol using different hydrophilic carriers by converting pure drug into micronized form by solid dispersion technique. The FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm compatibility and to rule out any possible interaction between drug and hydrophilic carriers used. Nine solid dispersion formulations (CMSD1, CMSD2, CMSD3, CLSD1, CLSD2, CLSD3, CPSD1, CPSD2, and CPSD3) consisting pure drug of carvedilol with mannitol, lactose, and PEG 4000 used as solubilizer in the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4, respectively, were prepared. In vitro drug release from solid dispersions was carried out in 0.1N HCl, and the data obtained were fit into different equations and kinetic models to explain release kinetics. A 4.13, 4.60, and 10.7 folds increase in the dissolution efficiency (DE 20 ) of carvedilol was observed with solid dispersions CMSD3, CLSD3, and CPSD3, respectively. Carvedilol with PEG 4000 in 1:2 and 1:4 ratio formulations showed better solubility and emerged to be an ideal formulation for carvedilol solid dispersions. Conclusion: From the study results, it can be concluded that optimized solid dispersion formulations have better solubility as compared to pure drug. The solubility of carvedilol was increasing with increase in the concentration of hydrophilic carriers. The developed solid dispersion of carvedilol with PEG 4000 found useful to enhance solubility of carvedilol.

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