COVID-19 has been declared a global pandemic which has brought the world economy and the society to a standstill. The current emphasis of testing is on detection of genetic material of SARS-CoV-2. Such tests are useful for assessing the current state of a subject: Infected or not infected. In addition to such tests, antibody testing is necessary to stratify the population into three groups: never exposed, infected, and immune. Such a stratification is necessary for safely reopening the society and remobilizing the economy. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of the current diagnostic and surveillance technologies that are being employed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies along with their shortcomings, and to highlight microfluidic sensors and devices that show promise of being commercialized for detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in low-resource and Point-of-Care (POC) settings. Index Terms-Antibody, biosensors, chemical and biological sensors, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protein.
I. INTRODUCTIONC OVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus; a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease surfaced in late 2019 in the city of Wuhan, capital of Hubei province in mainland China. According to the most recent statistics, as of October 2020, coronavirus has spread across the world, by infecting more than 38 million people and has claimed about 1,089,000 lives [1]. In the United States alone, almost 8 million cases of coronavirus have been reported and the fatalities have amounted to approximately 214,000 and these numbers keep on increasing with each
Harnessing the self-assembly of peptide sequences has demonstrated great promise in the domain of creating high precision shape-tunable biomaterials. The unique properties of peptides allow for a building block approach to material design. In this study, self-assembly of mixed systems encompassing two peptide sequences with identical hydrophobic regions and distinct polar segments is investigated. The two peptide sequences are diphenylalanine and phenylalanine-asparagine-phenylalanine. The study examines the impact of molecular composition (namely, the total peptide concentration and the relative tripeptide concentration) on the morphology of the self-assembled hybrid biological material. We report a rich polymorphism in the assemblies of these peptides and explain the relationship between the peptide sequence, concentration and the morphology of the supramolecular assembly.
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