Background: The mulberry tree, a plant of the family Moraceae and the genus Morus, has been widely cultivated to feed silkworms. Various parts of Morus alba linn used as an Anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, free radical scavenging activity and neuroprotective agent. The plant contains flavonoids, moranoline, albanol, morusin coumarine, and stilbene, which have. In this study, anticonvulsant property of Morus alba leaves extract (MAE) was evaluated by using MES and PTZ induced convulsion in rats.Methods: Effects of MAE were evaluated in experimental models of electro convulsions, maximal electro shock (MES) and chemoconvulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in rats (n=6), which were treated intraperitonially with doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg.Results: The duration of tonic hind limb extension (seconds) with MAE in MES induced convulsions at dose of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg is 8.33±1.21, 6.83±1.16 & 3.16±0.98 respectively. In the dose of 400 mg/kg of MAE showed highly significant results by reducing the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES induced convulsions. And onset of jerky movements (seconds) with MAE in PTZ induced convulsions at dose of 100, 200, 400mg/kg is 157.83±8.99, 195.66±17.02 and 295.50±21.10 respectively. In the dose of 400mg/kg of MAE showed highly significant results by delaying the onset of convulsions.Conclusions: Results indicate that the MAE have anticonvulsant effects in MES induced convulsions and in PTZ induced convulsions.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to study the antihypertensive drug utilization pattern, demographic profile, and associated comorbid conditions of hypertensive patients in the rural population of Southern India. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, community-based, door-to-door survey of hypertensive patients. The details of the patients which include age, sex, body mass index (BMI), past medical history, usage of drugs for hypertension (HTN), any other related drugs, and comorbid conditions were collected in this study. Results: As per the results, the mean age of study participants was 54.68 years, men were 62.31% women were 37.68%, mean BMI was 30.48 kg/m2. In associated comorbidities with HTN, Diabetes was the most common with 19.4%. As per usage of antihypertensive drugs, In Monotherapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) occupy 16.4% followed by beta-blockers (BB) 13.4%.In 2+ drug therapy, Diuretics were 26.8% followed by BB 22.7% and in drug combinations, the combination of ACE/ARB + Diuretics were 11.5% followed by ACE/ARB + calcium channel blocker at 8.2%. Conclusion: HTN was more common in Men and the BMI was also on the higher side in hypertensive patients. In associated comorbidities with HTN, Diabetes was the most common disease. Antihypertensive drugs usage pattern shows that in monotherapy, ACE inhibitors/ARBs were the most commonly used drugs. In 2+ therapy, the most common add-on drugs were diuretics. In combination therapy, the most common combination was ACE/ARB + Diuretics.
Background: Morus alba commonly known as white mulberry has been widely cultivated to feed silkworms. This widely grown plant has been in use by tribals of this country for ailments such as asthma, cough, bronchitis, edema, insomnia, wound healing, diabetes, influenza, eye infections and nose bleeds. Various parts of morus alba linn are used as an cardioprotective, hepatoprotective anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, free radical scavenging activity and neuro-protective agent. In this study, anti-psychotic property of M. alba leaves extract (MAE) was evaluated by Haloperidol induced catalepsy model in rats.Methods: In this study Haloperidol induced catalepsy model was used to evaluate antipsychotic effects in rats. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to rats (n=6) pretreated with vehicle (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or MAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p).Results: In control treated animals, haloperidol produced the maximum catalepsy at 90 min 212.66 ±10.23. In animals treated with MAE at dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly potentiated haloperidol induced catalepsy at each time interval, in a dose dependent manner. At dose 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, animals treated with MAE showed maximum cataleptic score of 228.33±12.29, 265.66±7.33 and 274.16±8.86 respectively at 120 min (p<0.001).Conclusions: Results indicate that the MAE have anti-psychotic effects in haloperidol induced catalepsy model in rats.
Objective: The primary objective of the study was to assess the prescribing pattern of antimicrobial agents in patients with chronic kidney disease. The secondary objectives of this study are to assess antibiotic appropriateness and dose optimization in patients with chronic kidney disease in relation to their comorbidities. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, and medical records of all patients with CKD who were admitted in the nephrology department of Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, during Jan 2018-Dec 2018 were reviewed for antibiotic prescriptions. A total of 200 medical records were selected and assessed for antimicrobial prescriptions. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant throughout the statistical analysis. Results: Analysis showed that overall 163 drugs were prescribed to CKD patients, of which nearly 96 (58.9%) required dosage adjustment. Of those 163 drugs, the majority N= 25 (26%), were unadjusted, and the remaining N = 71 (74%) were properly adjusted. The length of hospitalization of CKD patients was below 7 was 13.5%, above 7 was 86.5%. Mean and SD was 10.27±7.18 d, (Range: 1–35 d). The Chi-square analysis confirmed that out of the seven studied variables, two i.e. Length of stay days; p<0.001. Conclusion: It is concluded that the occurrence of medication dosing errors was moderate in hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients in our study. Nearly 20% of patients who had prolonged stays were prescribed antibiotics for a prolonged period. The predictors of medication dosing errors in CKD patients were the severe-to-end stages of chronic kidney disease, the number of prescribed antibiotics, and the length of hospitalization.
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