Prenatal chemical
exposures can influence maternal and child health;
however, few industrial chemicals are routinely biomonitored. We assessed
an extensive panel of contemporary and emerging chemicals in 171 pregnant
women across the United States (U.S.) and Puerto Rico in the Environmental
influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. We simultaneously
measured urinary concentrations of 89 analytes (103 total chemicals
representing 73 parent compounds) in nine chemical groups: bactericides,
benzophenones, bisphenols, fungicides and herbicides, insecticides,
organophosphate esters (OPEs), parabens, phthalates/alternative plasticizers,
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We estimated associations
of creatinine-adjusted concentrations with sociodemographic and specimen
characteristics. Among our diverse prenatal population (60% non-Hispanic
Black or Hispanic), we detected 73 of 89 analytes in ≥1 participant
and 36 in >50% of participants. Five analytes not currently included
in the U.S. biomonitoring were detected in ≥90% of samples:
benzophenone-1, thiamethoxam, mono-2-(propyl-6-carboxy-hexyl) phthalate,
monocarboxy isooctyl phthalate, and monohydroxy-iso-decyl phthalate.
Many analyte concentrations were higher among women of Hispanic ethnicity
compared to those of non-Hispanic White women. Concentrations of certain
chemicals decreased with the calendar year, whereas concentrations
of their replacements increased. Our largest study to date identified
widespread exposures to prevalent and understudied chemicals in a
diverse sample of pregnant women in the U.S.
Therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2 are limited merely to the symptoms or repurposed drugs and non-specific interventions to promote the human immune system. In the present study, chromatographic and in silico approaches were implemented to identify bioactive compounds which might play pivotal role as inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 and human immunomodulator (TGF-β and TNF-α).
Tinospora cordifolia
(Willd.) Miers was evaluated for phenolic composition and explored for bioactive compounds by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Furthermore, the bioactive compounds such as cordifolioside, berberine, and magnoflorine were appraised as human immunomodulatory and potent inhibitor against Main Protease (M
pro
) of SARS-CoV-2 through multiple docking strategies. Cordifolioside formed six stable H-bonds with His41, Ser144, Cys145, His163, His164, and Glu166 of M
pro
of SARS-CoV-2, which displayed a significant role in the viral replication/transcription during infection acting towards the common conserved binding cleft among all strains of coronavirus. Overall, the study emphasized that the proposed cordifolioside might use for future investigations, which hold as a promising scaffold for developing anti-COVID-19 drug and reduce human cytokine storm.
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