2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV), enclosed large genome positive-sense RNA virus characterized by crown-like spikes that protrude from their surface, and have a distinctive replication strategy. The 2019-nCOV belongs to the Coronaviridae family, principally consists of virulent pathogens showing zoonotic property, has emerged as a pandemic outbreak with high mortality and high morbidity rate around the globe and no therapeutic vaccine or drugs against 2019-nCoV are discovered till now. In this study, in silico methods and algorithms were used for sequence, structure analysis and molecular docking on M pro of 2019-nCOV. The co-crystal structure of 2019-nCOV protease, 6LU7 have $99% identity with SARS-CoV protease. The 6LU7 residues, Cys145 and His164 are playing a significant role in replication and are essential for the survival of 2019-nCOV. Alongside, 2019-nCOV M pro sequence is non-homologous to human host-pathogen. Complete genome sequence analysis, structural and molecular docking results revealed that Remdesivir is having a better binding affinity with-8.2 kcal/ mol than the rest of protease inhibitors, and peptide. Remdesivir is strongly forming h-bonds with crucial M pro residues, Cys145, and His164. Further, MD simulation analysis also confirmed, that these residues are forming H-bond with Remdesivir during 100 ns simulations run and found stable ($99%) by RMSD and RMSF. Thus, present in silico study at molecular approaches suggest that, Remdesivir is a potent therapeutic inhibitor against 2019-nCoV.
Therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2 are limited merely to the symptoms or repurposed drugs and non-specific interventions to promote the human immune system. In the present study, chromatographic and in silico approaches were implemented to identify bioactive compounds which might play pivotal role as inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 and human immunomodulator (TGF-β and TNF-α). Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers was evaluated for phenolic composition and explored for bioactive compounds by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Furthermore, the bioactive compounds such as cordifolioside, berberine, and magnoflorine were appraised as human immunomodulatory and potent inhibitor against Main Protease (M pro ) of SARS-CoV-2 through multiple docking strategies. Cordifolioside formed six stable H-bonds with His41, Ser144, Cys145, His163, His164, and Glu166 of M pro of SARS-CoV-2, which displayed a significant role in the viral replication/transcription during infection acting towards the common conserved binding cleft among all strains of coronavirus. Overall, the study emphasized that the proposed cordifolioside might use for future investigations, which hold as a promising scaffold for developing anti-COVID-19 drug and reduce human cytokine storm.
An ecofriendly approach for green synthesis of nanoparticles using natural plant extracts is gaining a notable importance now a days. In the present study, Tridax procumbens leaf has been used to produce the silver nanoparticles (AgNps) from two solvent systems (distilled water and 50% alcohol). Biosynthesis of AgNps from the leaf extracts was carried out and the characterization of the synthesized AgNps was done using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Particle Size Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Both the extracts exhibited significant results for the biosynthesis of AgNps by using silver nitrate as a reducing agent, the synthesis of AgNps was assertained by colour change from yellowish green to dark brown. The UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed the absorption maxima at 230nm and 235nm for distilled water and 50% alcohol AgNps respectively. The nanoparticle sizes were in the range from 20-154nm which was ascertained from Particle Size Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The use of nanotechnology in the textile industry has increased rapidly due to its unique and valuable properties. Also, there is an considerable potential for profitable applications of nanotechnology in cotton and other textile industries.
Millets have been important food staples in human history, particularly in Asia and Africa. Grown under traditional methods can be termed as crops of organic farming food. Each of the millets is three to five times nutritionally superior to the widely promoted rice and wheat in terms of proteins, minerals and vitamins. To document the variability for nutrition composition for the benefit of food industry seventy five diverse germplasm line of foxtail millet were analysed for their nutrition. The genotypes exhibited highly significant differences for all the nutritional parameters viz., moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate, total minerals, and total energy. Large amount of variation was observed among the genotypes for protein content ranging from 8.98 to 14.37 percent with a mean value of 12.63 per cent. The overall mean value of crude fiber content was 2.07 per cent and foxtail millet genotypes ranged from 1.34 and 2.31 per cent. The mean values for total minerals ranged between 1.08 and 1.57 per cent and overall mean of total minerals was 1.3 per cent. Considerable variation was also observed for fat per cent ranging from 2.79 to 4.16 with a mean value of 3.52. As much as 40 K.cal variation was observed between the genotypes with lowest energy (DHF 9; 326 K.cal) and genotype with highest energy (GS1000; 368 K. cal). Results indicated the ample scope is available for the farmers and food industry for exploitation of nutrients for the health and therapeutic benefits of consumers, thus rice and wheat products may be substituted by these elite foxtail millet genotypes.
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