The presence of the heavy metal lead (Pb), which accumulates in water and sediment, will enter into the life of organisms which can have a toxic effect on the organisms in it. This study aimed to analyze the health risks of consuming Mujair fish (Oreochromis Mossambicus) which contains the heavy metal Pb in the river flow of Soyoan Village, Ratatotok District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The research method was descriptive with an environmental health risk analysis (ARKL) approach. Determination of lead levels in fish, water, and sediments used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method with a graphite furnace. The results showed that the average Pb in Mujair fish was 0.23 mg/kg, the average Pb in water was 1.48 mg/liter, and the average in sediment was 52.98 mg/kg. Pb concentrations in aquatic fish and sediments had exceeded the threshold. The Risk Quotion (RQ) value wasstill below 1 (RQ < 1), meaning that Mujair fish (Oreochromis Mossambicus) in the Soyoan river was still safe for consumption. The ECR value ≤ 10-4 indicated that making risk management was not something that needs to be prioritized. However, the presence of high concentrations was an indicator so that the rate of intake and frequency of exposure can be reduced. In Islamic teachings, it has been explained that damage to the environment due to human actions has an adverse effect on the biota and threatens the surrounding community's health.
Background: Gold mining activities, both legal or illegal, as well as public activities that live around Bakan River influenced the quality of water. These activities produce waste that contains heavy metals from gold production and derivative impacts of these activities. The waste then flows into the water and pollute the water and biota. People that use the water feel the impact like health problems. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the fish in Bakan river that often consumed by people. Consuming fish that exposed to heavy metals in certain concentration is very dangerous for public health. A public health risk analysis is needed to estimate the magnitude of the impact. The research location is in the river on Bakan village, Lolayan district, Bolaang Mongondow regency. The aim of the study is to determine the levels of heavy metals Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)’s organs.Methods: The type of this study is observational with Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) approach, where the number of respondents is 100 people.Results: The results showed that the concentration of Cd (0.01<0.10), Cr (<0.1) and Pb (0.1<0.20) in fish is still below quality standard based on BPOM No. 23 of 2017. Health risk estimates obtained RQ>1 for metal As and Hg.Conclusions: This study has proven that consuming Tilapia is not safe for health.
ABSTRACKThis study aims to determine the effect of peer pressure on risky behavior conducted by students. There are four types of risky behavior, namely thrill-seeking, rebellious, reckless, and anti-social, and this research wants to know the dominant risky behavior carried out by students. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design. The research subjects were 103 undergraduate students from the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, the State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Manado, totaling 103 subjects (N = 103) who had the criteria that they were still active students and were in their late teens, namely the age range 18-21 years. The results of this study prove that there is a significant positive effect on peer pressure of risky behavior conducted by students and also explain that the dominant risky behavior carried out by students is anti-social.Keywords: Peer Pressure, Risky Behavior ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekanan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku berisiko yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Perilaku berisiko tersebut terdiri dari empat jenis yaitu thrill-seeking, rebellious, reckless, dan anti-social. Selain itu, ingin pula diketahui perilaku berisiko yang dominan dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional study design. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa Strata 1 dari Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Manado berjumlah 103 subjek (N = 103) yang memiliki kriteria yaitu masih berstatus mahasiswa aktif dan berada pada usia remaja akhir yaitu rentang usia 18 – 21 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan pada tekanan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku berisiko mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini juga menjelaskan bahwa perilaku berisiko yang dominan dilakukan oleh mahasiswa yaitu anti-social.Kata Kunci: Tekanan Teman Sebaya, Perilaku Berisiko
Background: HIV or human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks the human immune system which then has an impact on the decline in the immune system, causing a disease called AIDS. There were 2,384 cases of HIV/AIDS in north Sulawesi, namely 742 cases of HIV and 1,642 cases of AIDS. The highest number of HIV AIDS cases found in Manado city and Bitung city was also due to the ongoing implementation of the continuous counseling service (LKB), namely for Manado city there were 15 health centers and Bitung city in 9 health centers. This study aimed to analyse the risk factors for the incidence of HIV/AIDS in the HIV/AIDS risk group in Bitung city.Methods: This research was an analytic observational study with a case control study design. The population of this study was all groups at risk of HIV/AIDS who live in the city of Bitung. The sample in this study was for the group at risk of HIV/AIDS which was divided into groups of positive and negative diagnosed as HIV/AIDS sufferers as many as 150 people. The sampling technique in this study was using the snowball sampling technique.Results: Univariate analysis showed that the majority of respondents came from the male sex group 53 respondents (35.3%) and the least came from the IDU group 5 respondents (5.3%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that based on the analysis obtained the value of risky sex behavior (p=0.000, OR=6.35), blood transfusion (p=0.265, OR=2.64) and history of STI (p=0.042, OR=4.21).Conclusions: This study has proven that risky sexual behavior and history of STIs have a relationship with the incidence of HIV/AIDS. In addition, risky sexual behavior, blood transfusions and history of STIs are risk factors for the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Bitung city.
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