Abstract There were 112,000 ASD sufferers in Indonesia in 2012 and in 2015 it was estimated that there were 1 per 250 children or 134,000 sufferers. The proportion of ASD was 62.8% and in 2016 it was 1.28 out of 1000 children in 2015. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for the incidence of ASD in Pontianak City. The research method was analytic observational with a control case study design. The sample was 70 people (35 cases and 35 controls) taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Chi-Square test (α = 0,05). The results showed that the factors associated with the incidence of ASD were father's age (p = 0.03; OR = 4.00; CI = 1.250-12.804), stress history during pregnancy (p = 0.04; OR = 3.18; CI = 1.13-8.93) and insufficient months of birth (p = 0.036; OR = 4.88; CI = 1.22-19.4), while age of mother during pregnancy, passive smoker, antenatal hemorrhage and pregnancy interval were not associated with the incidence of ASD (p> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is father's age, the presence of a history of stress during pregnancy and insufficient months of birth associated with the incidence of ASD. Keywords: Father’s age, Stress History, Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstrak Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) dikenal sebagai triad of impairments yaitu adanya gangguan perkembangan pada aspek komunikasi, adanya perilaku yang diulang-ulang dan gangguan dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Pada tahun 2012 dilaporkan sebanyak 112.000 penderita ASD di Indonesia, tahun 2015 diperkirakan terdapat 1 per 250 anak atau 134.000 penderita. Data dari UPTD Autis Center Kota Pontianak tahun 2015 proporsi ASD sebesar 62,8% dan pada tahun 2016 sebesar 1,28 dari 1000 anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian ASD di Kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain studi kasus kontrol.Sampel penelitian berjumlah 70 orang (35 kasus dan 35 kontrol) yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD adalah usia ayah (p=0,03; OR=4,00; CI=1,250-12,804), riwayat stres saat hamil (p=0,04; OR=3,18; CI=1,13-8,93) dan lahir belum cukup bulan (p=0,036; OR=4,88; CI=1,22-19,4), sedangkan usia ibu saat hamil, perokok pasif, perdarahan antenatal dan jarak kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD (p>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor usia ayah, adanya riwayat stres saat hamil dan kelahiran belum cukup bulan berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD. Keyword : Usia ayah, riwayat stress, Autism Spectrum Disorder
Epidemiological data indicate that ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder) affects the population of children and young adults worldwide by 3.4%. Difficulty in focusing attention is accompanied by an increase in excessive motor activity, one of which is overcome by using the ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) method of therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ABA therapy reduces distracted behavior in children with ADHD using an experimental design in one participant. Subjects have criteria, namely, children aged 5-6 years and experiencing ADHD problems. This exploration information assortment strategy as perception, meetings, and documentation. The aftereffects of the review expressed that ABA therapy was effective in reducing distracted behavior in children with ADHD. The subject experienced a decrease in distracted behavior withha significance value of 0,043 (p<0,05). Starting from the beginning before being given treatment or the pre-test stage, the frequency of distraction was 112 times, compared to the final stage after being given treatment, the frequency of distraction was 30 times. Data epidemiologi mengindikasikan bahwa ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder) mempengaruhi populasi anak dan dewasa muda diseluruh dunia sebesar 3,4%. Kesulitan dalam memusatkan perhatian disertai dengan meningkatnya aktivitas motorik yang berlebihan salah satunya diatasi dengan terapi ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis). Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi ABA terhadap penurunan perilaku terdistraksi pada anak ADHD dengan menggunakan experimental design pada satu partisipan. Subjek memiliki kriteria yaitu, anak berusia 5-6 tahun dan mengalami permasalahan ADHD. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terapi ABA efektif untuk mengurangi perilaku terdistraksi pada anak dengan gangguan ADHD. Subjek mengalami penurunan perilaku terdistraksi dengann nilai signifikansi 0,043 (p<0,05). Terhitung mulai dari awal sebelum diberikan perlakuan atau tahap pre-test frekuensi terdistraksi sebesar 112 kali, dibandingkan dengan tahap akhir setelah diberikan perlakuan frekuensi distraksinya sebanyak 30 kali.
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