Atherosclerosis is still a major health problem, because 20% of death in the world is caused by atherosclerosis diseases like stroke and myocardial infarct. One of animal models that was successful in atherosclerosis research was New Zealand white rabbit. The purpose of this preliminary research was to determine the atherogenic diet of white rats (Rattus novergicus strain Wistar) as animal model of atherosclerosis especially to find fixed composition and time of the atherogenic diet taken.This research used male; 2 months age, 150-200 grams body weight of white rats Rattus novergicus strain Wistar. The rats were divided into 5 groups in equal number, 4 rats respectively. They were a negative control group without diet treatment and 4 groups as treatment groups which were given hipercholesterol diet. Atherogenic diet composed of PARS , wheat flour, cholesterol, cholic acid, pork oil and water. Data were obtained by measuring of blood cholesterol level and foam cell formation. The result showed, the atherogenic diet inducing foam cell formation and hypercholesterolemia of these rats were mixtures of PARS , wheat flour and 2% cholesterol, 0,2% cholic acid, 10% pork oil given for 8 weeks. It can be concluded, that white rats Rattus novergicus strain Wistar could be used as animal model for atherosclerotic research, by giving them the atherogenic diet for 8 weeks.
Background and Aim:Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an obligate intracellular parasite. Virus can only live on living cells. The embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) are one of the growth media of virus that is a cheap, easy to do, and accurate for showing patterns of virus change in the host. Higher virus titers indicate the higher number of viruses and more virulent to infect host. This research aimed to investigate the effect of different level of NDV titer infection in ECEs on protein profile, embryonic length, mortality, and pathological change.Materials and Methods:The study used a completely randomized design of six treatments and seven replications. The treatments were different level of NDV titer infection in allantoic fluid (AF) of 9-11 days ECEs, i.e., P1=20, P2=26, P3=27, P4=28, P5=29, and P6=210 hemagglutination unit (HAU). All samples were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with p=0.05 for length of the embryo and descriptive analysis for embryo mortality, pathology change, and protein band.Results:The result showed that protein profile of NDV-infected ECEs of all different levels is more complex than protein profile of no NDV-infected ECEs. NDV infected of all different levels showed longer size embryo, higher mortality embryo at the first 2 days, and higher occurrence of hemorrhagic in all part of bodies of embryo than those of no NDV infected.Conclusion:It was concluded that NDV infection of all different level decreased health conditions of chicken embryo of ECEs of 9-11 days old. Different level of NDV infection of ECEs of 9-11 days old showed no significantly different embryo profiles. However, all of the NDV-infected embryos were shorter, death on the 2nd day, and suffered more hemorrhage on all body surfaces than uninfected NDV embryos.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dan kandungan lipid pada ketiga jenis mikroalga yang dikultur pada media dengan salinitas yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu salinitas 20, 30, dan 40 ppt pada mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis sp., dan Porpyridium sp masing-masing sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Mikroalga dikultur pada skala laboratorium selama 8 hari setelah itu dipanen untuk diukur kadar lipidnya. Hasil kultur selama 8 hari menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata tertinggi pada Nannochloropsis sp. terdapat pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu 12%/hari, sedangkan untuk Tetraselmis sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu 7%, dan untuk Porpyridium sp. tertinggi pada salinitas 30 ppt yaitu 5%/hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64% dan jumlah lipid terendah terdapat pada Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 0,19%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik rata-rata per hari tertinggi terdapat pada jenis Nannochloropsis sp pada salinitas 40 ppt yaitu sebesar 12% dan jumlah lipid tertinggi terdapat pada mikroalga jenis Tetraselmis sp. pada salinitas 20 ppt yaitu sebesar 2,64%.
ABSTRACT:This study discusses the urgency of taxation on sweetened beverages in order to reduce the negative impact of consumption. Consumption control in the form of taxation is expected to reduce the negative impact. We use qualitative research method approach to understand social phenomena into a case study situational analysis that discusses the phenomenon of negative impact on sweetened beverages, with the approach of theory and previous research with the same research object, we discuss aspects of public policy in order to determine the object of new excise, namely, Legal, Philosophical Aspects, Socio-Economic, Reference, and Operational Aspects. The results showed that restrictions on the consumption of sweetened beverages can be done by taxation mechanism in accordance with the aspects required by the Law. Thus, the imposition of a tax on sweetened beverages meets the criteria and it is necessary to immediately propose to be designated as the object of the new BKC in an effort to reduce the negative impacts of consuming sweetened beverages.Keywords: Esktensifikasi, Taxable Goods, Sweetened Beverages. Public Policy.ABSTRAK:Penelitian ini membahas urgensi pengenaan cukai pada minuman berpemanis dalam rangka mengurangi dampak negatif konsumsi. Pengendalian konsumsi dalam bentuk pengenaan cukai diharapkan mampu menurunkan dampak negatif tersebut. Kami menggunakan pendekatan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk memahami fenomena sosial menjadi suatu studi kasus analisa situasional yang membahas fenomena dampak negatif terhadap minuman- berpemanis, dengan pendekatan teori dan penelitian terdahulu dengan objek penelitian yang sama, kami membahas aspek-aspek kebijakan publik dalam rangka penetapan objek cukai baru yaitu, Legal, Aspek Filosofis, Sosial Ekonomi, Referensi dan Aspek Operasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan konsumsi minuman berpemanis dapat dilakukan mekanisme pengenaan cukai sesuai dengan aspek yang dipersyaratkan oleh Undang-Undang. Pengenaan cukai terhadap minuman berpemanis telah memenuhi kriteria dan perlu untuk segera diusulkan untuk ditetapkan sebagai objek BKC baru sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi dampak-dampak negatif akibat mengkonsumsi minuman berpemanis.Kata Kunci: Ekstensifikasi, Barang Kena Cukai, Minuman Berpemanis. Kebijakan Publik.
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