The Muhammadiyah organization has inclusive schools that need to adapt during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the adaptation strategies carried out by two Muhammadiyah inclusion schools in Surabaya, Indonesia, Sekolah Peduli Anak Hebat (SPAH) and the Sekolah Kreatif Surabaya. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenology method to see the particular context of the two inclusion schools' learning situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected using interviews and observations. Two coordinators for students with disabilities and five teachers were interviewed about policies and learning processes during the pandemic. The observation was done during the learning process. The secondary data was also collected by searching in their social media and e-learning platforms. The data analysis showed that the adaptation strategies were to coordinate and regularly collaborate between parent-teachers-students, build community cooperation, and make flexible and accessible learning policies. It proved that the two Muhammadiyah inclusion schools in Surabaya had adapted to online learning during the pandemic COVID-19. However, the two schools still need to improve quality, especially in creating an accessible asynchronous learning platform for students with disabilities.
This article focused on the teenage generation and religion as the dominant sources of truth in Indonesia, especially Islam. Religion rules become a norm that is upheld and fought for. This article explained how the generation of teenagers in Surabaya who have the same background at Islamic Universities. They used to apply virtual spaces related to sexual activities. Apart from that, this paper also tried to relate their practice to the religious teachings they profess. The informants of this study were students at several universities in Surabaya. Those who become informants were students, consisting of males and females, who openly admitted to having the habit of engaging in sexual activities in cyberspace. This research aimed to explain the practices of resistance and negotiation that occur on religious teachings. The data collection method used was in-depth interviews which focused on how they used virtual space relating to sexuality. There were various entrances to various forms of sexual simulacrums and sexuality within cyberspace, various sexual acts, and the scene that "offer" various sexual activities, such as voyeurism, role-playing, sexual game, cyber-fetishism, and long-distance sexual activity via the internet (teledildonics). In those various activities, men were more open in telling about their activities than women because of strong patriarchal tradition. Besides, they also tried to negotiate the concept of sin in religion. They considered the consequences of sin when they do sexual virtually were heavier than when they did it.
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