The Covid-19 pandemic that has been going on globally since March 2020 has led to the universal closure of national borders. The exponential spread of the Covid-19 virus has resulted in a new phenomenon in the immigration field: stranded foreigners. To avoid the continued access of these stranded foreigners, Indonesian immigration issued a series of visa regulations. This study aims to analyse the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the concept of visa law applicable in Indonesia by existing formal law. This research uses a normative method with a conceptual approach, namely by identifying existing principles or doctrinal views and then generating new ideas. The concepts and theories used in this research are the rules of law concept with an analytical knife in the form of a hierarchy of laws and regulations theory and the theory of sovereignty. The results show that there is a shift in the concept of visa law in Indonesia as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the theoretical study, it is known that this shift in the idea of visa law has ruled out the visa doctrine that has been regulated in Indonesian immigration law. However, the principle of relative sovereignty that respects the principles of international law is the justification for changing the concept of visa law in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Decreasing number of fishery resources impacted by unsustainable fisheries management, climate issues, and the sovereignty system at sea have made fishery conflicts a growing security concern, such as the conflict between Indonesia and Vietnam over the Natura Sea. This dispute is exacerbated by China's militarization efforts, as the fishing industry recognizes its ability to influence the maritime sphere around it. Other Southeast Asian coastal states, such as the Malacca Strait and the Natuna Sea, border Indonesia's EEZ, making it vulnerable to disputes. And if there is a violation of laws and regulations in the territorial sea, the coastal state can apply its criminal law to the violators if the violation has a negative impact on the coastal state or interferes with security. This EEZ regime was established to regulate long-standing disputes over maritime territory and unilateral claims, such as the dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia over the Malacca Strait Sea, which was successfully resolved. As a result, the coastal state has jurisdictional rights to make arrests, as specified in Article 73 concerning the enforcement of the coastal state's laws and regulations.
Decreasing number of fishery resources impacted by unsustainable fisheries management, climate issues, and the sovereignty system at sea have made fishery conflicts a growing security concern, such as the conflict between Indonesia and Vietnam over the Natura Sea. This dispute is exacerbated by China's militarization efforts, as the fishing industry recognizes its ability to influence the maritime sphere around it. Other Southeast Asian coastal states, such as the Malacca Strait and the Natuna Sea, border Indonesia's EEZ, making it vulnerable to disputes. And if there is a violation of laws and regulations in the territorial sea, the coastal state can apply its criminal law to the violators if the violation has a negative impact on the coastal state or interferes with security. This EEZ regime was established to regulate long-standing disputes over maritime territory and unilateral claims, such as the dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia over the Malacca Strait Sea, which was successfully resolved. As a result, the coastal state has jurisdictional rights to make arrests, as specified in Article 73 concerning the enforcement of the coastal state's laws and regulations.
Eradication of corruption in Indonesia is still the main agenda of the government in building good governance. One method to expose corruption is to use a whistleblower role that can help find the criminal mode of corruption. Whistleblower mechanism is divided into three main dimensions: Human, Structure and Process. But in practice whistleblower reporters in corruption cases in Indonesia have not received maximum legal protection. In Indonesia the normative regulation governing pursuant to Law No.13 of 2006 concerning Witness and Victim Protection as well as Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No.4 Year 2011 on Treatment of Criminal Reporting and Witness of Actors Cooperation The results show that from three dimensions of whistleblower system still does not yet have binding legislation. Whistleblower reporters only accept lightening relief. Specific whistleblower legislation is urgent. In legislation, at least, it should be in accordance with Whistleblower's protection.
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