The present research focuses on synthesizing surface-modified egg shell powders using ultrasonic modification method for the effective adsorption of malachite green dye (MG). The presence of functional groups and surface morphology of ultrasonic-assisted egg shell powder (UAESP) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, respectively. A batch adsorption study was performed to predict the optimum conditions, and the results showed that maximum adsorption rate at the solution pH of 8.0 within the interaction time of 90 min, dosage of 1.5 g/L for MG dye concentration of 25 mg/L, and temperature 30°C. The isotherm and kinetics modeling of the present adsorption system can be well described by Freundlich and pseudosecond-order kinetics, respectively. The monolayer adsorption capacity of UAESP for MG dye was originated to be 64.58 mg/g. The results of the thermodynamic study reported that adsorption removal of MG dye onto UAESP was exothermic and spontaneous. This study accredited that UAESP has higher efficiency, cost-effective, and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of hazardous dyes on an industrial level.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.