Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Kartika AI, Darmawati S, Radjasa OK. 2022. Bioprospecting of bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis from Savu Sea, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia for antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 23: 1118-1124. Marine sponge Spongia sp. has been reported to have potential as an antibacterial agent. However, less information on the potential of bacterial symbionts of Spongia sp. as an antibacterial agent has been documented. The present investigation involves isolating bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis and the characterization of antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Spongia officinalis was collected from Savu Sea, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia and its symbionts were isolated with Zobell marine agar media. The overlay method was used to screen the antibacterial activity against selected six MDR bacteria. Antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. Identification of active bacterial symbionts was carried out based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that four out of 10 symbionts showed antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria with an inhibition index ranging from 4.8 to 12.6 mm. Prastiyanto-1A and Prastiyanto-1E isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity against ESBL- Escherichia coli and ESBL + CRE- Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Pratiyanto-2A isolate showed antibacterial activity against MRSA, while Prastiyanto-4A isolates showed antibacterial activity against CRPA. The selected four isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus simplex using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BLASTn analysis. These results provide information about the potential of bacterial symbionts of S. officinalis as natural antibacterial sources against MDR bacteria.
Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Darmawati S, Mukaromah AH. 2022. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of seed kernel extracts of seven mangoes (Mangifera indica) cultivars native to Indonesia against MDR-Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wounds. Biodiversitas 23: 5629-5637. Pseudomonas aeroginusa is the most common bacterium causing wound infections, with the most common solution being antibiotics. However, excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics will lead to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Therefore, natural ingredients are needed as alternative antibacterial agents. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of seed kernel extracts from seven cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica) from Indonesia, i.e., Cengkir, Kopyor, Golek, Kweni, Avocado, Arumanis, and Manalagi, against MDR-P. aeroginusa bacteria isolated from wounds. The agar well diffusion method was carried out to determine the inhibition zone, and the microdilution method was used to determine the MIC and MBC values. The results showed that the seed kernel extracts of seven cultivars of mangoes had antibacterial activity against MDR-P. aeruginosa. Of the seven mango cultivars, Kweni cultivar seed kernel extracts demonstrated the lowest MIC and MBC values of ?0.75 mg/mL and ?12.5 mg/mL. This study concludes that Kweni cultivar seed kernel extracts have the potential to be developed as agents of anti-MDR-P. aeruginosa causes wound infection.
Abstract. Darmawati S, Ethica SN, Prastiyanto ME, Depamede SN, Putri EO, Kamaruddin M. 2022. Molecular characterization of a 42 kDa subunit pili protein of Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever. Biodiversitas 23: 962-968. Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosing typhoid fever, but it has limitations such as media and laboratory equipment, specimen volume, and examination time. However, the Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend serology due to its low sensitivity.The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular properties of the protein pilli of Salmonella typhi(S. typhi) that the findings can be used to develop a typhoid fever diagnostic reagent. The SDS-PAGE method was used, as well sequence analysis with ProtParam, ProtScale, and PSIPRED. The SDS-PAGE profile reveals one major protein (42 kDa) and fourteen minor proteins. The pili protein subunit 42 kDa had an amino acid (AA) sequence with a length of 390 AA, according to bioinformatics analysis. According to the ProtParam results, the pili protein subunit 42 kDa has good stability with a value of 40 and is a hydrophilic protein with an average GRAVY value of -0.950. PSIPRED results show that among the secondary structural elements, coil strand predominates, followed by -helix and -strand. It is concluded that this protein is immunogenic and that it can be used to develop a more specific and sensitive diagnostic reagent for typhoid fever.
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