AimsProlonged QT interval is associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. The present study determined the prevalence of prolonged QT interval and QT dispersion and defined their clinical and metabolic predictors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Cross-sectional study included 501 patients with type 2 diabetes. A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded. QT corrected for heart rate (QTc) >440 ms and QT dispersion (QTd) >80 ms were considered abnormally prolonged. QTc ≥ 500 ms was considered a high-risk QTc prolongation. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Independent risk factors for prolonged QTc and QTd were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsPrevalence of QTc > 440 ms and QTd > 80 ms were 44.1 and 3.6 %, respectively. Prevalence of high-risk QTc (≥500 ms) was 2 % only. Independent risk factors for QTc prolongation >440 ms were mean blood glucose (β = 2.192, p < 0.001), treatment with sulphonylurea (β = 5.198, p = 0.027), female gender (β = 8.844, p < 0.001), and coronary heart disease (β = 8.636, p = 0.001). Independent risk factors for QTc ≥ 500 ms were coronary heart disease (β = 4.134, p < 0.001) and mean blood glucose level (β = 1.735, p < 0.001). The independent risk factor for prolonged QTd was only coronary heart disease (β = 5.354, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of prolonged QTc > 440 ms is significant, the prevalence of high-risk QTc (≥500 ms) and QTd > 80 ms is very low in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycaemia and coronary heart disease are strong predictors of high-risk QTc.

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By using the proposed regression function and parameter optimization we were able to improve segmentation results comparing to the literature. In addition, we showed that CAD system has high potential for being equipped with reliability estimate module.

Background: Male breast cancer is rare and represents less than 1% of all breast cancers. Considering the fact that the male breast most often does not consist of lobules and acini, lobular carcinoma of the male breast is exceptionally rare. Case Report: In this paper we present a unique case of alveolar variant of lobular male breast cancer in a 56-year-old patient. Conclusion: According to our knowledge this is the first presentation of an alveolar variant of lobular male breast cancer that appeared 14 years after chemo- and radiotherapy for the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease.

ABStR AC tThe present study evaluated reproducibility of the inert gas rebreathing method to estimate cardiac output at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Thirteen healthy subjects (10 males, 3 females, ages 23-32 years) performed maximal graded cardiopulmonary exercise stress test using a cycle ergometer on 2 occasions (Test 1 and Test 2). Participants cycled at 30-watts/ 3-min increments until peak exercise. Hemodynamic variables were assessed at rest and during different exercise intensities (i. e., 60, 120, 150, 180 watts) using an inert gas rebreathing technique. Cardiac output and stroke volume were not significantly different between the 2 tests at rest 7.4 (1.6) vs. 7.1 (1.2) liters min − 1 , p = 0.54; 114 (28) vs. 108 (15) ml beat − 1 , p = 0.63) and all stages of exercise. There was a significant positive relationship between Test 1 and Test 2 cardiac outputs when data obtained at rest and during exercise were combined (r = 0.95, p < 0.01 with coefficient of variation of 6.0 %), at rest (r = 0.90, p < 0.01 with coefficient of variation of 5.1 %), and during exercise (r = 0.89, p < 0.01 with coefficient of variation 3.3 %). The mean difference and upper and lower limits of agreement between repeated measures of cardiac output at rest and peak exercise were 0.4 ( − 1.1 to 1.8) liter min − 1 and 0.5 ( − 2.3 to 3.3) liter min − 1 , respectively. The inert gas rebreathing method demonstrates an acceptable level of test-retest reproducibility for estimating cardiac output at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise testing at higher metabolic demands.

Background and Aims Single‐use electrocardiography (ECG) leads have been developed to reduce healthcare‐associated infection. This study compared the validity and reliability of short‐term heart rate variability (HRV) obtained from single‐use disposable ECG leads. Methods Thirty healthy subjects (33 ± 10 years; 9 females) underwent 5‐min resting HRV assessments using disposable (single use) ECG cable and wire system (Kendall DL™ Cardinal Health) and a standard, reusable ECG leads (CardioExpress, Spacelabs Healthcare). Results Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) between disposable and reusable ECG leads was for the time domain [R‐R interval (ms); 0.99 (0.91, 1.00)], the root mean square of successive normal R‐R interval differences (RMSSD) (ms); 0.91 (0.76, 0.96), the SD of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (SDNN) (ms); 0.91 (0.68, 0.97) and frequency domain [low‐frequency (LF) normalized units (nu); 0.90 (0.79, 0.95), high frequency (HF) nu; 0.91 (0.80, 0.96), LF power (ms 2 ); 0.89 (0.62, 0.96), HF power (ms 2 ); 0.90 (0.72, 0.96)] variables. The mean difference and upper and lower limits of agreement between disposable and reusable leads for time‐ and frequency‐domain variables were acceptable. Analysis of repeated measures using disposable leads demonstrated excellent reproducibility (ICC 95% CI) for R‐R interval (ms); 0.93 (0.85, 0.97), RMSSD (ms); 0.93 (0.85, 0.97), SDNN (ms); 0.88 (0.75, 0.95), LF power (ms 2 ); 0.87 (0.72, 0.94), and HF power (ms 2 ); 0.88 (0.73, 0.94) with coefficient of variation ranging from 2.2% to 5% ( p > 0.37 for all variables). Conclusion Single‐use Kendall DL™ ECG leads demonstrate a valid and reproducible tool for the assessment of HRV.

Phyllodes tumors of the breast can be benign, malignant, or borderline. Benign and borderline tumors are rare tumor types that have a positive outlook and high survival rate, while the risk of recurrence is typical for malignant breast tumors. Giant phyllodes tumors are larger than 10 cm in diameter and demand a serious diagnostic and treatment approach. In this study we present a case of a female patient treated for an exulcerated breast carcinoma- a giant borderline phyllodes tumor of the breast. Th e patient presented to the department for the right breast lump with ulcerated skin and nipple abnormalities. Th e core biopsy was performed and the patient was diagnosed with a benign tumor. Simple mastectomy was performed and final histopathological report revealed a borderline phyllodes tumor. Diagnosis and treatment of a giant phyllodes tumor remain a great challenge for the surgeons. Establishing the preoperative diagnosis based on histopathological findings is imperative to disease management. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and mastectomy has been the traditional procedure; in cases where suspicious findings in the axilla are revealed, radical mastectomy is performed and the axilla is to be dissected.