The aim of this study was to detect and describe the existence and incidence of anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. The study was conducted on 150 persons, who underwent abdominal Multi- Detector Computer Tomography (MDCT) angiography, from April 2010 until November 2012. CT images were obtained with a 64-row MDCT scanner in order to analyze the vascular anatomy and anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. In our study, we found that 78% of patients have a classic anatomy of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. The most frequent variation was the origin of the common hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery (10%). The next variation, according to frequency, was the origin of the left gastric artery direct from the abdominal aorta (4%). The arc of Buhler as an anastomosis between the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery, was detected in 3% of cases, as was the presence of a common trunk of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (in 3% of cases). Separate origin of the splenic artery and the common hepatic artery was present in 2% of patients. The MDCT scanner gives us an insight into normal anatomy and variations of the abdominal blood vessels, which is very important in the planning of surgical interventions, especially transplantation, as well as in the prevention of complications due to ischemia.

Introduction: Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity, ie, the space between the chest wall and the lung itself. Pneumothorax is classified ethiologically into spontaneous pneumothorax and traumatic pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax is further classified into primary and secondary. Traumatic pneumothorax may result from either blunt trauma or penetrating injury to the chest wall. It can also be caused by iatrogenic injuries. Spontaneous pneumothorax is a significant health problem because of the high recurrence rate (this is so called recurrent pneumothorax). The aim of the study: the review of modern diagnosis and surgical management of pneumothorax. Methodology: This is a review article. We used Medline and Pubmed databasis for retrieving the literature. Conclusion: Pneumothorax, either spontaneous or traumatic, demands urgent intervention in order to normalize lung function and save life of the patient.

The principle objective of this investigation was to establish the frequency and form of the arterial hypertension in children between 7 and 16 years in urban and rural population. Specific goals were to determine by screening method, i.e., by elimination, the arterial hypertension prevalence in relation to permanent residence (town-village), age and sex of children; to determine, by the same method, the prevalence of the essential and borderline arterial hypertension; to test the risk factors in patients with essential and borderline arterial hypertension: obesity, hereditary predisposition (relatives of the first and second line), lipids, and ten-year follow-up of children with essential arterial hypertension. The examination included 3000 children (age 7-16 years) during regular school days. Essential arterial hypertension in this study was defined as blood pressure continuously higher than 95th percentile for age and sex in at least three different measurements; secondary causes of hypertension were excluded by available clinical, laboratory and functional investigations. Borderline hypertension was defined as blood pressure continually higher than 90th percentile, and from time to time higher than 95th percentile for age and sex in at least three measurements, when the secondary causes of hypertension were excluded. The obtained results were the basis for the following conclusions: Prevalence of arterial hypertension for all children was 0.93% and was the lowest in children aged 7-8 years (0.83%), and the highest in chil dren aged 15-16 years (2.96%). Prevalence of the essential arterial hypertension was 0.37% and of borderline arterial hypertension 0.56%. Prevalence of the arterial hypertension was higher in urban than in rural population of children (1.09:0.55%), but without statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Hypertension was verified in 60.7% of family members of children with increased blood pressure. 21.4% of hypertensive children were overweight. Hyperlipidemia was noted in 4 children with essential hypertension. All children with arterial hypertension underwent 24-hours Holter monitoring. Patients with essential arterial hypertension had sinus tachycardia in 95% and patients with borderline hypertension in 60% (in stress and pressure).

Background/Aim. The most frequent form of sternal defects is a single foramen, usually located at the distal half of the sternal body, with prevalence that varies among different ethnic populations. Clinical importance of these defects arises from various diagnostic and therapeutic sternal treatments and close location of heart, lungs and other vital organs of the chest cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and morphometric characteristics of the sternal midline foramen in the population of central Serbia. Methods. The multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) chest images of 422 patients of both genders were analyzed. The radiological imaging was performed on 64slice MDCT scanner (Aquilion 64, Toshiba, Japan). All scans were performed in the axial plane, with subsequent multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). Due to the angulation of the sternal body coronal curved-planar, the images were obtained in order to show the whole length of the sternum and the vertical diameter of the sternal foramen. The measurements were done using the commercially available software (Imaging Software ver. 4.1.14.0, Vital-Images). Results. The solitary foramen, located in the distal segment of the sternal body, was detected in 24 patients, representing 5.9% of the observed population with slightly higher prevalence in males. The average size of foramen was 3.9 × 4.2 mm. The mean distance from the skin was 12.7 ± 3.3 mm, the distance from skin to pericardium was on average 37.3 ± 8.2 mm, while the average distance from skin to pleura was 25 ± 5.9 mm. The average depth of foramen 8.7 ± 2 mm, while the mean distance from the posterior surface of foramen to pericardium was 12.7 ± 9.1 mm. Conclusion. The results presented in this paper confirmed the prevalence of 5.9% regarding the midline sternal foramen in the observed population. Serious complications of the sternal puncture could be prevented by prior MDCT imaging.

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Background/Aim. The values of the B?hler?s angle (BA) are relevant parameters for diagnosis, management and prognosis of the calcaneal fracture and the outcome. Range of normal values of B?hler?s angle (BA) in adults varies depending on the examined population, age, gender or ethnicity. The aim of this study was to determine the range of normal values of the B?hler?s angle in the central part of Serbia. Methods. The lateral foot radiographs of 225 subjects (111 males and 114 females) without calcaneal fractures, divided into 6 age groups were observed to determine the normal values of the B?hler?s angle by using the IMPAX 6.5.2.114 Enterprise software. Obtained values for B?hler?s angle were compared among gender and groups using appropriate statistical tests. Results. The mean of B?hler?s angle in observed population was 34.06?, ranging from 25.1? to 49.5? and was higher in males than in females included in our study. Gender difference was statistically significant. The distribution of the mean BA across the age groups showed tendency of decreasing with age and the highest BA was found in the youngest group. Conclusion. The findings presented in this paper confirmed the existence of wide range of BA values as well as its gender and age differences.

Background: Appendiceal mucoceles represent neoplastic and non-neoplastic, dilatated, mucus filled appendix vermiformix. Appendectomy is obligatory due to a possible malignancy. It is crucially important to avoid rupturing of the mucocele because it can result in pseudomyxoma peritonei, with high morbidity and mortality. Case Report: We presented a 52-year-old man with pain and palpable mass in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. The mucocele was removed without a rupture, and the patient was discharged from the surgical department one day after the surgery without a complication. Discussion: The resection must be done very carefully, because the rupture of a mucocele can cause pseudomyxoma peritonei, a very dangerous and often lethal condition. Due to the concern of rupture, we performed the classical resection through laparotomy. Conclusion: It is very important, especially for young, inexperienced surgeons to be aware of this rare diagnosis and perform a surgical intervention according to the guidelines of good clinical practice.

Phyllodes tumors of the breast can be benign, malignant, or borderline. Benign and borderline tumors are rare tumor types that have a positive outlook and high survival rate, while the risk of recurrence is typical for malignant breast tumors. Giant phyllodes tumors are larger than 10 cm in diameter and demand a serious diagnostic and treatment approach. In this study we present a case of a female patient treated for an exulcerated breast carcinoma- a giant borderline phyllodes tumor of the breast. Th e patient presented to the department for the right breast lump with ulcerated skin and nipple abnormalities. Th e core biopsy was performed and the patient was diagnosed with a benign tumor. Simple mastectomy was performed and final histopathological report revealed a borderline phyllodes tumor. Diagnosis and treatment of a giant phyllodes tumor remain a great challenge for the surgeons. Establishing the preoperative diagnosis based on histopathological findings is imperative to disease management. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and mastectomy has been the traditional procedure; in cases where suspicious findings in the axilla are revealed, radical mastectomy is performed and the axilla is to be dissected.