Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to the orthopedic residency training programs to adapt to a form of a web-based learning process and simulation-based training. This study focusses on the viewpoint of the orthopedic residents to the paradigm shift in clinical care as well as the academic activities. Methods An anonymous questionnaire was created in an online survey generator and was sent through e-mail to 227 orthopedic residents of seven tertiary care centres in North India. The questionnaire was divided into three sections, academic activity section, mental health section, and clinical activity section. There were a total of 44 single answer questions with answers according to the increasing difficulty at present situation compared to a previous time before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results A total of 158 questionnaires were filled by 107 junior residents (67.7%) and 51 senior residents (32.3%). 49 residents (31%) were quarantined and three became positive for COVID-19. Although all of them knew about necessary precautions, personal protective equipment was difficult to avail at times. Increased difficulty in recruiting new patients for research (48.9%) and conducting prospective research (48.7%) was observed. The online-based learning process was reported to be easier (44.2%) by most of the residents. Routine clinical work in the operating room, outpatient department, and inpatient department was found to be difficult according to the majority of the residents along with the anxiety of contracting the infection. Conclusion There are unique opportunities for improvement of residency programs during these times of uncertainty and the findings of this study can help the universities as well as program chairs to develop a robust program that can outlive this pandemic. The web-based learning process might prove to be useful and can be incorporated into the resident training program in the long term. Level of evidence Level V.
During routine dissection, an unusual formation of median nerve was detected in the right upper limb of a 55 year old male cadaver. The median nerve had an additional contribution from lateral cord. The two branches of the lateral cord designated as upper and the lower branches were observed at different levels. The upper branch was in close contact with the third part of the axillary artery and it crossed the vessel anteriorly to unite with a branch of the medial cord to form the median nerve. The median nerve thus formed was related medially to the axillary artery (instead of the normal position of being anterolateral). The median nerve descended below and was joined by an additional lower branch from the lateral cord. Interestingly, the ulnar nerve which arose from the medial cord, descended below and was joined within its fascial sheath by the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearmThe presence of such an additional branch from the lateral cord contributing to the formation of median nerve and its unusual relation of being medial to the axillary artery may be of immense clinical interest to neurologists diagnosing nerve lesions and surgeons who are exposed to the topographical anatomy of the neural structures during radical neck dissection. The additional branch of the lateral cord may compress upon the axillary artery to cause vascular insufficiency.
We have attempted to build first some simplified model to map the interaction of quarks and gluons in presence of magnetic field, which can be constrained by their thermodynamical quantity like entropy density, obtained from calculation of lattice quantum chromo dynamics. To fulfill that mapping, we have assumed a parametric temperature and magnetic field dependent degeneracy factor or fugacity of quarks and gluons. Implementing this QCD interaction in calculation of transport coefficient at finite magnetic field, we have noticed that magnetic field and interaction both are two dominating sources, for which the values of transport coefficients can be reduced. Interestingly, fluidity of quark gluon plasma remain unaffected by interaction, although magnetic field can have an impact on it.
Introduction: Preoperative estimation of graft parameters can be useful while using hamstring grafts in knee ligament surgeries. Anthropometric parameters may be an easy way to predict the length and diameter of hamstring tendons. A prospective study was conducted to find the correlation between different anthropometric parameters and activity level of the patient on the length and diameter of the graft. Separate regression equations for males and females were also derived for easy prediction. Methods: Data were obtained from 95 patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendon graft. Variables studied were age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), thigh circumference, thigh length, Tegner activity level, diameter (double and quadruple) and length of semitendinosus tendon graft. Results: Height of the patient had strong correlation with graft length (r = 0.41, p < 0.001), double diameter (r = 0.29, p = 0.008) and quadruple diameter (r = 0.3, p = 0.006). Weight of the patients had strong positive correlation with graft length (r = 0.34, p = 0.002) and quadruple diameter (r = 0.34, p = 0.002). Thigh length was found to be positively correlating with graft length (r = 0.43, p < 0.001), double diameter (r = 0.29, p = 0.007) and quadruple diameter of graft (r = 0.34, p = 0.002). BMI and thigh circumference of the patients were not found to correlate with graft size. Male patients were found to have longer semitendinosus graft and larger double and quadruple diameter of the graft. There was no association between the Tegner activity scale and graft size. Regression equations between graft length and quadruple diameter and the anthropometric parameters are also derived. Conclusion: Height, weight and thigh length are useful anthropometric parameters in the prediction of hamstring tendon size. However, the patient’s Tegner activity level was not found to be associated with size of the hamstring tendon.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.