Ocular trauma is a major cause of vision loss. The circumstances and agents implicated in such injuries are diverse. We present an unusual case of penetrating ocular trauma with the nozzle of a pressure cooker lid in a 32-year-old housewife causing deep laceration of the upper eye lid and sclera. The impacted metallic nozzle was removed on an emergency basis. Autoevisceration of ocular contents due the high velocity impact resulted in the final decision to surgically complete the evisceration and implant a glass ball implant. This case highlights the propensity of grievous ocular trauma in a domestic environment.

Ocular trauma is an important cause of vision loss. The agents incriminated in such injuries are diverse. We present a case of ocular trauma with a metallic spoon causing deep laceration of lid and temple region with sclerocorneal laceration. After assessment of the general condition and stabilization of the systemic parameters the operative procedure was undertaken on elective basis. Though the final visual outcome was not rewarding due to the severity of the injury, any potential hemostatic catastrophe was averted.

BACKGROUND Intraocular Pressure (IOP) is one of the key physiological factors, which can regulate the ocular health and homeostasis. Accurate measurement of IOP depends on several factors among which instrument factor plays significant role. Considering Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT) as a "GOLD" standard, we have compared Noncontact Tonometers (NCT) with GAT taking Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) into consideration. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this comparative cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital, after inclusion and exclusion, patients were thoroughly examined clinically and GAT, NCT and CCT tests are performed using standard technique by single competent ophthalmologist on the same day. Values are tabulated in excel sheet and statistical calculations done using SPSS version 20. RESULTS In the study population, 57.7% were males and 42.3% females (M:F = 187:137). The mean age of the population is 45.16 ± 19.58 years (SD) and mean intraocular pressure of males was found to be 16.63 ± 3.72 (SD) mm of Hg by GAT method and 16.75 ± 3.53 (SD) mm of Hg by NCT, and in females, it was found to be 16.12 ± 3.51 (SD) mm of Hg by GAT method and 16.29 ± 3.28 (SD) mm of Hg by NCT. The difference between methods was statistically significant (P <0.05). Mean central corneal thickness of the study population was found to be 546.10 ± 34.87 (SD) µm, whereas central corneal thickness of males 547.11 ± 33.93 (SD) µm and females were 544.71 ± 36.13 (SD) µm. The difference in IOP measurement between methods was statistically significant (P<0.05) for the entire group and in the subgroup with central corneal thickness more than 575 µm. The reliability indices for the noncontact tonometer considering the Goldmann applanation tonometer as gold standard are highly correlating as coefficient of correlation is near to +1 in all the subgroups in respect to central corneal thickness. CONCLUSION The difference in measurements by noncontact tonometer and the Goldmann applanation method was statistically significant. The measurements by noncontact tonometer were reasonably accurate (coefficient of correlation is near to +1).

BACKGROUND Orbital tumour, benign or malignant, comprises of a fair number of patients presenting in hospitals with a mass lesion or proptosis. Its early diagnosis and treatment is necessary especially in malignant cases even it can save patient's life. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have recruited the patients presenting in our oculoplasty OPD in RIO with orbital mass lesion or any patient who has symptoms suggestive of orbital mass lesion after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical and radiological diagnosis has been made and diagnostic/therapeutic surgical procedures have been performed in order to reach a histopathological diagnosis. Then, excel data sheet is prepared and statistical analysis done.

BACKGROUND Eyelid and conjunctival tumours (benign and malignant) are very common in a tropical country like India causing not only cosmetic deformity, but also endangering patients' life. The aim of our study is to determine the sociodemographic factors and clinicopathological assessment in order to early diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is an observational study involving the cases with primary eyelid and/or conjunctival tumours. After thorough clinical history including detailed demographic details and clinical examination, the cases are admitted in the hospital. After undergoing thorough preoperative evaluation, FNAB or partial excision biopsy or total excision biopsy of the tumour mass is done by single competent ophthalmic surgeon and sent for histopathological analysis. The cases were classified into two major groups, eyelid neoplasm group and conjunctival neoplasm group. Each major group was subdivided into benign neoplasm and malignant neoplasm groups. The demographic details, clinical history, examination findings and results of the histopathological analysis is documented, appropriately tabulated and reported and statistical calculations done.

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is one of the major component of metabolic syndrome and a leading cause of ocular morbidity in modern era and India will be considered to be the diabetes capital of the world. Before the onset of diabetic retinopathy, other structural and functional changes may predict the visual diminution of the individual. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital, after inclusion and exclusion, the age-gender matched groups (diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients without diabetic retinopathy and controls without diabetes) were thoroughly examined clinically and by noninvasive and invasive examination (after proper counselling of the patient and informed consent). Then, they are tested for functional loss of retina by Humphrey FDT, GDx VCC. Comparison done between cases and controls as well as poorly-controlled and well-controlled diabetic groups. RESULTS It was found that the average RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in diabetics (mean 53.48, SD 2.69) compared to controls (mean 60.21, SD 1.87) (p<0.05). Also, in patients with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >7%), the RNFL thickness was significantly reduced (mean 52.23, SD 1.31) compared to diabetics with good metabolic control (mean 56.38, SD 2.92) (p<0.05). In retinal functional testing, it was found that the Humphrey FDT mean deviation (FDT MD) and pattern standard deviation (FDT PSD) were significantly worse in diabetics (FDT MD-1.478, SD 0.386), (FDT PSD-3.485, SD 0.403) compared to normal controls (FDT MD-0.442, SD 0.536), (FDT PSD-1.438, SD 0.404). The parameters were also found to be significantly worse in uncontrolled diabetics (p<0.05). CONCLUSION To conclude, without diabetic retinopathy, functional and structural loss in retina in diabetes patients compared to age-sex matched individual and especially in poorly-controlled diabetes should be of concern as there are no detectable vasculopathy. So, early diagnosis and control of diabetes is advocated to control this functional loss.