Desert truffles are edible mushrooms and they belong to groupe of ascomycetes. In Algeria, we find them in arid and semiarid area. They are represented by two most genuses: Tirmania (white terfez) and Terfezia (red terfez). The aim of our work is to present extraction technics of the bioactive substances from gleba (ascoms) of Tirmania pinoyi (Maire) Malençon and from the culture filtrate of mycelium of Terfezia claveryi Chatin. Also, we present antifungal and antibacterial activity of these substances in vitro and their identification. There is antifungal activity of different extracts on solid medium, in vitro, against species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Candida. Also, there is antibacterial activity against species of Staphylococus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Escherichia, and Salmonella. Results show that extracts inhibition varies according to microbial tested species. Bioactive substances of the different extracts were analyzed by GC (gas chromatography)-mass, RMN (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and infrared in order to determine the chemical identity. Results show that these substances contain pyrazines and cyclic compounds like quinones.
New Schiff bases heterocyclic structures have been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. They were prepared by a condensation reaction of 2-amino-5-methylthiazole, 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole and 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole with p-vinylbenzaldehyde 1p and m-vinylbenzaldehyde 1m. The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis. The compounds were examined for antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro using the disc diffusion method. Activity against two bacterial strains (gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria) and two fungal strains is discussed. These compounds are active against assayed bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 26883 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC4330,) and fungal strain (Candida albicans ATTC 10231) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 10 µg/mL.
This first study focuses on geographical distribution of desert truffles in Algeria, their diversity and their ecological requirements during growing seasons according to field surveys carried out during thirty years (1986–2016). Investigations in 61 productive sites of desert truffles spread over several bioclimatic areas revealed the presence of nine species to genera Terfezia, Tirmania and Picoa and their host plants Helianthemum spp. This study complements our earlier work on characterization of Terfezia and Picoa samples harvested throughout Algeria by macro-and micromorphological studies and by molecular phylogeny. Pedoclimatic factors were evaluated, host plants species were identified and mycorrhizal relationships of these fungi species under field conditions were examined. Results revealed that good natural yield desert truffles species is closely linked to intensity and distribution of rainfall, the temperature, frequency of storms during ascomata growing seasons. Nine desert truffles species grow on sandy loam soil and form with annual or perennial Helianthemum spp. endomycorrhizae on calcareous soil and also ectomycorrhizae without mantle on acidic soil in Helianthemum guttatum..
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