In order to learn what principles of distributive justice children privilege, we conducted in 2013 a study of 169 children aged from 6 to 10 attending four primary schools in four different Parisian suburbs. Overall there emerged a strong consensus in favor of the equality principle. Among the other distribution principles envisaged, need came in first. These results are little affected by social or demographic differences, or by self-interest. Only the children's school performance plays a significant role in their choice of a justice principle.
has been reserved uniquely for heterosexual couples suffering from infertility since the adoption of bioethics laws in July 1994. 1 This means that single women and female couples have to go abroad to Belgium, Spain, the Netherlands or to Denmark in order to gain access to either artificial insemination from sperm donation (AID), or in vitro fertilisation (IVF). After fierce debate, a law passed on 17 May 2013 authorised same-sex marriage in France. Child adoption having previously been granted only to married couples and single people, the right to marry as a same-sex couple opened up the possibility of child adoption and intra-marital adoption (the adoption of a spouse's child). These are currently the only ways in which a child can have two mothers or two fathers in France. The new law of May 2013 did not permit female couples to use MAP. Bioethics laws are due for revision and a debate is currently in progress concerning access to MAP for all women, whether they form a heterosexual couple, a homosexual couple or are single. The same objections apparent in the "marriage for everyone" debate have been aired, notably through the movement "Manif pour tous" 2 (protest for all) which opposes access to MAP for all women, arguing that children would suffer from "PMA sans père" (MAP without a father).
L’article propose une revue critique de la littérature sur le développement de la justice distributive chez les enfants. Il 1) présente les courants théoriques classiques et plus récents sur cette question ; 2) montre – à partir de l’examen des études empiriques menées ses vingt dernières années – la précocité des compétences des jeunes enfants en matière de partage, l’influence du contexte relationnel sur leur générosité et le caractère socialement et culturellement situé des comportements distributifs ; 3) discute la nature spéculative des hypothèses de la psychologie évolutionniste et montre tout l’intérêt d’étudier la manière dont se développe les théorisations naïves du juste et de l’injuste des enfants dans le cadre de la théorie des représentations sociales.
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