The objective of this paper is to analyze policy design for air pollution management in the spatial context of urban development. We base our analysis on the paper of Ogawa and Fujita (1982), which offers a proper theoretical framework of non-monocentric urban land use using static microeconomic theory where the city structure is endogenous. First, we show that when households internalize industrial pollution in their residential location choice, spatialization within the city is reinforced. This impacts directly the emissions of greenhouse gases from commuting. Then, we analyze policy instruments in order to achieve optimal land use pattern when the policy maker has to manage both industrial and commuting related polluting emissions, that interact through the land market.JEL classification : Q53, D62, R14
The debate on the nature and state of peri-urban development in Europe is dynamic. While residents and their residential preferences have long been identified as strong drivers of the process of peri-urbanisation, other influences have also been discussed, such as the supply side of the housing market or job opportunities for residents. This paper analyses the population and job growth trends in the last five decades of 230 urban areas in mainland France. The results show that the pattern of peri-urban development of all the large and medium cities of the country have strong common characteristics. In particular, the areas around cities have proven dynamic both in terms of population, as would be expected in the peri-urbanisation process described by the literature in France, but also in terms of jobs, which have been less analysed. A review of the economic literature on the determinants of firms’ location choice puts forward some of the most relevant determinants that may explain a choice of location outside central cities. This helps put in perspective the role of job opportunities in shaping peri urbanisation in France in the recent past
This paper uses a dynamic model to explore the issue of irrigation-induced salinity, which puts irrigation at risk in most irrigated areas throughout the world. We address the design of instruments that an irrigation district board could implement to induce irrigators to take sustainable irrigation decisions. In our approach, the irrigators located above an aquifer participate in the accumulation of groundwater, a stock pollution. We analyse input-based instruments to induce the agents to follow the optimal stock path.
We study the interplay between residential location choice, sprawl and water quality. We propose an urban economics model of a, first, monocentric, then, polycentric city with two different residential areas : sewer-serviced suburbia, with small residential lot size, and exurbia where wastewater management is individual and on-site and residential lots are larger to accomodate sanitary requirements. Sewer and septic are also characterized by different abatement efficiencies. Within this framework, where development is assumed contiguous, we analyse how wastewater management and commuting costs impact on residential location choice and consequently on sprawl and water quality. According to the abatement efficiency gap between sewer and septic technologies, improving water quality may be achieved at the expense of higher or lower sprawl. The extension to the polycentric setting allows introducing heterogeneities in wastewater and commuting costs that illustrate how independant policy makers may impact the sprawl and water quality of the entire metropolis.
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