Three new macrocyclic trichothecenes (1−3) and five known related compounds (4−8) were isolated from the MeOH extract of a plate culture of the fungus Podostroma cornu-damae, a deadly poisonous mushroom. Miophytocen D (1) is a rearranged macrocyclic type D trichothecene, featuring a bicyclo-[6.5]dodecahydrocyclopenta[b]chromene scaffold, and the structures of new compounds (1−3) were delineated by the combination of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments and HRESIMS, modified Mosher's esterification, and quantum chemical ECD calculations. The isolated compounds (1−8) were evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human breast cancer cell lines (Bt549, HCC70, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468). Compounds 4, 6, and 8 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against the breast cancer cell lines, with IC 50 values in the range of 0.02−80 nM, which is stronger than doxorubicin, the positive control, and a structure−activity relationship was suggested.Podostroma cornu-damae is a lethal toxic mushroom belonging to the Hypocreaceae family and contains fatal trichothecenes, a large family of chemically related mycotoxins that present a potential threat to public health throughout the world. 1 The mushroom, which is widely distributed in Japan, China, and East Asia, is known as the red deer's horn mushroom due to its exceptional deer-horn-like appearance. 2 Because the shape of P. cornu-damae resembles immature Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps medicinal mushrooms, fatal poisonings have occurred accidentally from misunderstandings involving these mushrooms. 2,3 In Japan, 13 cases of accidental intoxication of P. cornu-damae were reported from 1983 to 2008, including two deaths after ingesting only a few centimeters of its fruiting body. 2,3 In Korea, of two people who ate boiled fungus, one person died because of multiorgan failure in spite of aggressive medical intervention, and the other improved after conservative management for one month. 1,4 The early symptoms of poisoning are vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea. After approximately 3 days, anuria, hypotension, polypnea, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and disturbance of consciousness have been reported. 2,3 There is only one report on the chemical investigation of toxic metabolites from P. cornu-damae, 5 where satratoxin H 12′,18′-diacetate, satratoxin H 12′-acetate, and satratoxin H 13′-acetate have been identified as new macrocyclic trichothecenes. All of the isolated macrocyclic

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, mesophilic bacterium, designated strain 7515T-07 T , was isolated from an air sample in the Taean region, Republic of Korea. The strain grew at 4-40 6C (optimum, 30 6C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-07 T was related to members of the genus Roseomonas and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Roseomonas ludipueritiae 170/96 T (96.7 %). 16S RNA gene sequence similarity between strain 7515T-07 T and Roseomonas gilardii ATCC 49956 T (the type species of the genus Roseomonas) was 93.4 %. Strain 7515T-07 T contained Q-10 as the ubiquinone and C 18 : 1 v7c and C 19 : 0 cyclo v8c as the dominant fatty acids (.10 %). The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 73.0 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic studies demonstrated that strain 7515T-07 T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas aerophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 7515T-07 T (5KACC 16529 T 5NBRC 108923 T ).

Two bacterial strains, designated JS4-4T and SHS5-24T, were isolated from forest soil of Jeju Island and fresh water of Seoho lake in Suwon city, respectively, South Korea. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile rods. Strains JS4-4T and SHS5-24T showed high sequence similarities (97.6–95.8 %) and (96.5–95.6 %), respectively, to the members of the genus Undibacterium . The sequence similarity between strains JS4-4T and SHS5-24T was 97.0 %. A phylogenetic tree showed that these strains fell within the radius of the genus Undibacterium . The main fatty acids of strains JS4-4T and SHS5-24T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) (50.1 and 58.7 %, respectively) and C16 : 0 (28.3 and 24.5 %, respectively). Both strains had ubiquinone 8 as the only respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. Strain JS4-4T showed <70 % DNA–DNA hybridization with members of the genus Undibacterium . Thus, based on the evidence of a polyphasic study, it is proposed that strains JS4-4T and SHS5-24T represent two novel species, for which the names Undibacterium jejuense sp. nov. (type strain JS4-4T = KACC 12607T = NBRC 108922T) and Undibacterium seohonense sp. nov. (type strain SHS5-24T = KACC 16656T = NBRC 108929T) are proposed.

No abstract

A bacterial strain, designated RHs22T, was isolated from a soil sample cultivated with rice in the Suwon region of South Korea. The cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated rods or occasionally filaments. The strain grew at 10–37 °C (optimum, 28–30 °C), at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetically, the strain was closely related to members of the genus Spirosoma , as its 16S rRNA gene sequence had similarity of 90.3–92.1 % with respect to those of members of the genus Spirosoma , showing the highest sequence similarity with Spirosoma panaciterrae DSM 21099T. Strain RHs22T revealed relatively low sequence similarities of less than 90 % with all the other species with validly published names. It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 1ω5c, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the main fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain RHs22T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown aminolipid, two unknown aminophospholipids, one unknown phospholipid and five unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 57.0 mol%. Phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data obtained in this study indicate that strain RHs22T represents a novel species of the genus Spirosoma , for which the name Spirosoma oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RHs22T ( = KACC 17324T = DSM 28354T). An emended description of the genus Spirosoma is also proposed.

No abstract

We identified vulpinic acid as the main constituent that contributes to the cytotoxic activity ofPulveroboletus ravenelii, which has novel biological activity against human cancer cells.

Gymnopilus spectabilis, a hallucinogenic mushroom belonging to the family Cortinariaceae, is found growing in dense clusters on stumps and logs of hardwoods and conifers. It contains the hallucinogenic alkaloid psilocybin and its strongly bitter taste makes it undesirable as an edible. In an effort to identify chemical constituents of Korean native wild mushrooms, 4,6-decadiyne-1,3,8-triol (1), ergosta-4,6,8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (2), bisnoryangonin (3), and hispidin (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of G. spectabilis. Their structures were assigned on the basis of various spectroscopic studies. Compounds 3 and 4 displayed significant scavenging activity against the ABTS radical cation, DPPH radical, and superoxide radical anion, while 1 and 2 exhibited no antioxidant activity.