Owing to the strong absorption of water in the near-infrared (NIR) region near 1.0 μm, this wavelength is considered unsuitable as an imaging and analytical signal in biological environments. However, 1.0 μm NIR can be converted into heat and used as a local water-molecular heating strategy for the photothermal therapy of biological tissues. Herein, we describe a Nd-Yb co-doped nanomaterial (water-heating nanoparticles (NPs)) as strong 1.0 μm emissive NPs to target the absorption band of water. Furthermore, introducing Tm ions into the water-heating NPs improve the NIR lifetime, enabling the development of a NIR imaging-guided water-heating probe (water-heating NIR NPs). In the glioblastoma multiforme male mouse model, tumor-targeted water-heating NIR NPs reduce the tumor volume by 78.9% in the presence of high-resolution intracranial NIR long-lifetime imaging. Hence, water-heating NIR NPs can be used as a promising nanomaterial for imaging and photothermal ablation in deep-tissue-bearing tumor therapy.
1.0 µm near-infrared (NIR) is considered unsuitable as an imaging and analytical signal in biological environments owing to the strong absorption of water at around the regions. Conversely, the 1.0 µm NIR can be converted to heat and used as a local water-molecular heating strategy for photothermal therapy of biological tissues. Herein, we designed a Nd-Yb co-doped nanomaterial (water-heating nanoparticles (NPs)) as a strong 1.0 µm emissive NP to target the absorption band of water. Furthermore, introducing Tm ions into the water-heating NPs improved the NIR lifetime, and it was developed as an NIR imaging-guided water-heating probe (water-heating NIR NPs). In the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) mouse model, tumor-targeted water-heating NIR NPs reduced the tumor volume by 78.9% in the presence of high-resolution intracranial NIR long-lifetime imaging. Hence, water-heating NIR NPs can be used as a novel nanomaterial for imaging and photothermal ablation in deep-tissue-bearing tumor therapy.
To resolve the problem of target specificity and light transmission to deep-seated tissues in photodynamic therapy (PDT), we report a cancer cell-targeted photosensitizer using photoprotein-conjugated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with high target specificity and efficient light transmission to deep tissues. Core-shell UCNPs with low internal energy back transfer were conjugated with recombinant proteins that consists of a photosensitizer (KillerRed; KR) and a cancer cell-targeted lead peptide (LP). Under near infrared (NIR)-irradiating condition, the UCNP-KR-LP generated superoxide anion radicals as reactive oxygen species via NIR-to-green light conversion and exhibited excellent specificity to target cancer cells through receptor-mediated cell adhesion. Consequently, this photosensitizing process facilitated rapid cell death in cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and U-87MG) overexpressing integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) receptors but not in a cell line (SK-BR-3) with reduced ITGB1 expression and a non-invasive normal breast cell line (MCF-10A). In contrast to green light irradiation, NIR light irradiation was considerably effective for cancer cells below porcine skin tissues up to a depth of 10 mm. This finding suggest that the designed nanocomposite is useful for sensing and targeting various deep-seated cancer cells.
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