This research analyzed the dispersion and impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) varnish on inhibiting enamel demineralization. A novel MgONPs varnish was prepared in absolute ethanol with rosin in 10%, 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% concentrations. The samples were classified into six groups, including four tested with MgONPs varnish, one commercial 5% NaF varnish, and control groups of non-protected and sound dental enamel groups. Each group included five enamel samples and three broths of 20 mL per sample. The examinations were started by applying different concentrations of varnishes on the enamel surfaces, which were then exposed to Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in three sequences of time for 144 h. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to examine the MgONPs’ dispersion. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to quantify the calcium (Ca) released from the enamel. The SEM and EDX evaluations of the enamel samples showed a significantly increased dispersion for the 5% MgONPs varnish, with the highest median. The ICP-OES test showed significant inhibition levels of the Ca release capacity in the 2.5% and 1.25% MgONPs varnishes, similar to the 5% NaF varnish. The MgONPs varnish revealed increasing dispersion of MgONPs, from 1.25% to 5%, and the maximum protection capacity was associated with the 1.25% and 2.5% varnishes, which was similar to the 5% NaF varnish in inhibiting the demineralization effect on enamel.
Background/purpose Caries and periodontal diseases are the most common oral diseases that lead to teeth loss. The aim of this study is to assess the association of combination of salivary characteristics, Streptococcus mutans levels and clinical parameters to the dental and gingival health statuses of children. Materials and methods Saliva samples were collected from 89 children. Children were allocated to the low caries group (45 children: mean DMFT/dmft ≤ 2) or high caries group (44 children: mean DMFT/dmft ≥ 5) according to WHO method and criteria. Additionally, gingival health status was assessed as fair (gingival index and plaque index < 2) or bad (gingival index and plaque index ≥ 2). Each participant's resting saliva hydration (RSH), viscosity (RSV), pH (RSpH), stimulated saliva flow rate (SSFR), buffering capacity of saliva (BCSS) and level of S. mutans (SSM) were determined by chair side test kits. Results The result showed statistically significant differences in all salivary characteristics and SSM levels for both types of dentition between the low and active caries groups as well as between fair and bad gingival health status (except for RSH for permanent teeth and RSH plus SSFR for primary teeth). Logistic regression showed that combination of plaque index (PI), RSH, RSV, RSpH and SSM provided accurate association (permanent teeth: 92.1%, primary teeth: 100%) of caries status and PI plus BCSS provided accurate association (permanent teeth: 92.1%, primary teeth: 93%) of gingival health status. Conclusion This study has suggested that combination of salivary characteristics, PI and SSM levels could provide significant association of caries and gingival health statuses of children.
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