Dispersion and Demineralization Inhibition Capacity of Novel Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Varnish on Enamel Surfaces against Streptococcus mutans (an In Vitro Study)

Abstract

This research analyzed the dispersion and impact of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) varnish on inhibiting enamel demineralization. A novel MgONPs varnish was prepared in absolute ethanol with rosin in 10%, 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% concentrations. The samples were classified into six groups, including four tested with MgONPs varnish, one commercial 5% NaF varnish, and control groups of non-protected and sound dental enamel groups. Each group included five enamel samples and three broths of 20 mL per sample. The examinations were started by applying different concentrations of varnishes on the enamel surfaces, which were then exposed to Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in three sequences of time for 144 h. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to examine the MgONPs’ dispersion. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to quantify the calcium (Ca) released from the enamel. The SEM and EDX evaluations of the enamel samples showed a significantly increased dispersion for the 5% MgONPs varnish, with the highest median. The ICP-OES test showed significant inhibition levels of the Ca release capacity in the 2.5% and 1.25% MgONPs varnishes, similar to the 5% NaF varnish. The MgONPs varnish revealed increasing dispersion of MgONPs, from 1.25% to 5%, and the maximum protection capacity was associated with the 1.25% and 2.5% varnishes, which was similar to the 5% NaF varnish in inhibiting the demineralization effect on enamel.

Eighteen-Month Orthodontic Bracket Survival Rate with the Conventional Bonding Technique versus RMGIC and V-Prep: A Split-Mouth RCT

“…Conventional bonding techniques and self-etch primer adhesives showed significant higher enamel surface demineralization when compared to the RMGIC bonding material in orthodontics [46]. The survival rate observed in this study can encourage the use of the RMGIC as a bonding material to enhance the release of sodium fluoride and inhibit the enamel demineralization during the treatment [47].…”

Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Tooth Color Preservation Capacity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Varnish (in vitro Study)

“…This could be associated with the infiltration of the MgONPs from the experimental varnish to the enamel surface as its diffusion and inhibition of mineral dissolving impact had been proved for the sound enamel in the previous investigation. 27 …”

“…S. mutans activation was obtained from a glycerol-cultured store of isolated S. mutans with National Library of Medicine web BLAST and an accession number (OQ656871) from GenBank of another study. 27 …”

“…In addition, the researchers were inspired to examine the antibacterial effects of MgONPs against various bacterial isolates 24–26 with the investigation that approves the protection capacity of enamel by MgONPs application. 27 However, the lack of studies on the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of MgONPs and their ability to protect the enamel color encourages the development of this study. Despite the justification for testing MgONPs, significant results were necessary to reject or accept the null hypothesis about the ineffectiveness of MgONPs.…”