The present study investigates the sustainability of microenterprises using primary data on 222 microenterprises in the informal small business segment of India. We identified relevant factors inducing entrepreneurs to sustain their business despite facing challenges emerging in the business world from time to time. The findings indicate that microenterprises with higher initial capital investment and those run by more experienced entrepreneurs have more chances for their long-run survival. The findings further indicate that the attainment of higher education is unrelated to long-term survival in the microbusiness world, perhaps because it opens more options of livelihood leading to exploration and experimentation of other areas of work engagement. The probability of long-run survival is higher in manufacturing microenterprises as compared to trading and services, likely because manufacturing experiences less volatility in this penurious context. Finally, microenterprises managed by males have better chances of long-run sustainability than female-operated microbusinesses.
Artificial intelligence technology in the agricultural sector can reduce carbon emissions from agrarian activities and revitalize the whole industry. The Indian agricultural sector has become costly, time-consuming, and outdated owing to the global warming process. The deployment of AI technology in Indian agriculture is still a distant dream, given the peculiarities like small-size farms, traditional farming methods, lack of credit, storage facilities, and the decision maker's risk-seeking attitude. AI solutions need to be delivered at the farmers' doorstep in their local language, with proper training, input support, and in collective/cooperative manner for realizing sustainable and green agriculture.
The risk-seeking propensity of total early-stage entrepreneurial activities paves the way for further business-related activities as risk plunging attitude leads to the creation of innovative business models, whereas risk aversion hampers new explorations. Skill, operational social entrepreneurial activities, and family size are the crucial factors influencing the risk-seeking abilities of the total early-stage entrepreneurs in India.Entrepreneurs involved in operational social entrepreneurial activities are likely to be more risk plungers as compared to commercial entrepreneurs. The promotion of social entrepreneurship by incentivizing and equipping the youth with the requisite skills and knowledge is the need of the hour for raising the risk-seeking propensity. K E Y W O R D S operational social entrepreneurial activity (OSEA), risk-aversion, risk-seeking propensity, total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA)
Informality is a widespread phenomenon as the informal sector constitutes half of the economic activities in developing & transition economies as well. Hereby, the paper intends to explore the role of personal and work place-related characteristics persuading a worker to work with informal work conditions. Some relevant personal & workplace related characteristics have been explored wherein the extent of informality is more than otherwise. Informality index based on six parameters is developed to measure the extent of informality and the position of workers on informality scale indicates that majority of informal workers have to face some degree of informality at their workplace in Haryana. Significant inter-personal characteristics of workers have been traced out to make their candidature strong to increase their bargain power for formal/less informal working conditions and also for better monetary outcomes. The study also suggests some corrective measures which not only work in the line to improve working conditions of workers but also helps in raising tax revenue of government to finance minimum social security to workers of informal sector.
The present study analyses trade competitiveness of wheat export of India for the time period 1991 to 2016 using Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC), temporal behaviour of NPC and Constant Market Share Analysis. The results revealed that Indian wheat has not been competitive in a regular manner under both exportable and importable hypothesis. Indian wheat has been found to be competitive under importable and exportable hypothesis during the period 1991-92 to 2000-01 & during 2011-12 to 2015-2016, but not competitive during 2001-02 to 2010-11. Constant Market Share Analysis suggests that export growth of wheat is attributed only to world trade effect or growth in the size of world trade and market distribution effect or concentration of Indian wheat exports in the market, which are relatively growing. So far as, export competitiveness of Indian wheat is concerned, the analysis reveals that there is competitive disadvantage in the wheat exports as compared to rest of world.
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