No abstract

Red phosphorus (P), which has a high theoretical specific capacity ($2,600 mA hr g À1), low cost, and commercial availability, has been severely limited by large volume variation and poor electrical conductivity for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, we fabricate a self-standing P/CNTs@rGO hierarchical structure to effectively resolve the critical issues associated with red P. The self-standing P/CNTs@rGO electrode achieves an unprecedented capacity and thus represents an advanced step toward high-performance P-based anodes for LIBs and SIBs.

Crystallization from memorized ordered melt (MOM) of isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) is investigated with in situ Fourier transformation infrared microspectroscopic imaging and wide-and small-angle X-ray scattering. After being partially melted at high temperature, a small portion of form I crystal of iPB-1 recovers back when the temperature is lowered. This is different from a disordered melt, which crystallizes into form II directly. The recovery of form I crystal is attributed to the presence of MOM, which may keep the conformation order of form I crystal. Experimental evidence show that MOM possesses three characteristics, namely: (i) associating with the preserved form I; (ii) occupying only a small portion of the melt in the partially melted sample; (iii) being stable at high temperature. All this experimental evidence suggests that MOM locates at the boundary of crystal and melt. This is in line with the physical picture of nonclassical nucleation and growth theory or the multistage approach, where a partially ordered melt layer locates at the boundary of crystal and melt.