ABSTRACT:The pituitary gland produces several hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and reproduction. Deviations from the normal functions of the gland certainly derange the harmony of life. Normal pituitary gland shows variation in size and shape. There is a recognized need for more normative data on female pituitary size in the Indian population hence the study was done using magnetic resonance instrument regarded as modern tool with less error. It was noted that the gland was more convex/globular in the younger age group but as advanced the superior surface became more concave. The mean height of pituitary gland was 6.27 mm ± 0.56, mean length was 9.10 mm ± 0.78and the mean width was 11.22 mm ±0.82. The size of pituitary gland also changed with age. The height decreased significantly as age advanced. The width initially increased up to 40 years and later decreased. The results of the study can be applied to clinical practices particularly when clinical symptomatology of patients with physiologic pituitary hyperplasia can mimic pituitary tumor.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a well-described condition that occurs in about 1 in 5,000 live births. A majority of the patients are diagnosed either antenatal or will present in the first few hours of life with respiratory distress. Presentation in adults is extremely rare and accounts for about 5 to 25% of diaphragmatic hernias. Patients, who present with late diaphragmatic hernias, complain of a wide variety of symptoms and diagnosis can be difficult. It consists of herniation of bowel, and occasionally solid organs, into the chest. It is more common on the left side (seen in 80% of cases), as the liver provides a relative barrier on the right side. The major clinical problem is pulmonary hypoplasia, a result of the lung having failed to develop in utero as the thoracic cavity is filled with abdominal contents. These congenital diaphragmatic defects have also been described in the adult population, and the widespread use of computed tomography has led to the recognition that these hernias are not uncommon and are often asymptomatic.
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