Eagle syndrome represents symptoms manifested by compression of regional structures by elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid membrane. Various theories have been put forward toward the development of Eagle syndrome. Depending on the underlying pathogenetic mechanism and the anatomical structures compressed or irritated by the elongated styloid process, symptoms vary greatly, ranging from cervicofacial pain to cerebral ischemia. Because the symptoms are variable and nonspecific, patients land up in different clinics for treatment. In the present case, the victim had previous episode of unconsciousness along with frequent headache for which she visited various clinics on numerous occasions. The elongated styloid process was appreciated during the postmortem examination, and the diagnosis of sudden death due to mechanical irritation of the carotid sinus by elongated styloid process was made as the sign of acute cardiovascular failure was present and upon exclusion of other causes of death.
ABSTRACT:The pituitary gland produces several hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and reproduction. Deviations from the normal functions of the gland certainly derange the harmony of life. Normal pituitary gland shows variation in size and shape. There is a recognized need for more normative data on female pituitary size in the Indian population hence the study was done using magnetic resonance instrument regarded as modern tool with less error. It was noted that the gland was more convex/globular in the younger age group but as advanced the superior surface became more concave. The mean height of pituitary gland was 6.27 mm ± 0.56, mean length was 9.10 mm ± 0.78and the mean width was 11.22 mm ±0.82. The size of pituitary gland also changed with age. The height decreased significantly as age advanced. The width initially increased up to 40 years and later decreased. The results of the study can be applied to clinical practices particularly when clinical symptomatology of patients with physiologic pituitary hyperplasia can mimic pituitary tumor.
Appendicitis is a very common clinical condition requiring immediate attention. Long appendix is a frequent reason for inflammation. Very often the size and position of the appendix varies. The differential development of the caecum is responsible for the different positions of the appendix. Adequate knowledge about the presence of such unusual variations is a must for clinical surgeons. We are reporting one of the longest appendices seen during routine cadaveric dissection in south India which was just over 20 cm in length with the embryological basis.
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