Introduction:The role, duty and responsibility of professional accountants towards the society, capital owners and other interested parties requires that they observe the general principles of good ethics in all aspects and adhere to the coded and consistent professional conduct. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to find a suitable method for meaningful (long-term) learning of ethics concepts in accounting. Material and Methods: This research was applied and semi-experimental and was carried out in a quasi-experimental manner. The statistical population was accounting master students, 50 of whom were selected by in access sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The instrument was accounting ethics questionnaire and finally the data were analyzed by covariance method. Results: In this research, traditional teaching methods were compared with alternative methods (use of conceptual diagrams) by comparing the learning rate of two groups of accounting students. The findings of the research indicated that the average scores of the students of the experimental group (who were trained using conceptual diagrams) were significantly higher than the control group (who were trained using the traditional method). Conclusions: Nowadays, in many cases, traditional teaching methods are not able to understand the complex topics of ethics, and therefore students try to learn these topics like parrots. Conceptualization allows a person to communicate between different aspects of moral issues and to understand the relationship between ideas and constituent parts of thoughts. Therefore, using the conceptual diagram prepared by the lecturer or relevant experts in ethics education can increase the quality and quantity of participation in learning among students.
To obtain the optimum conditions for encapsulation of metronidazole in sodium alginate, a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find out the effect of independent variables (alginate concentration and drug to alginate ratio) on dependent variables including mean particle size, yield, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of alginate concentration on swelling behavior of microbeads was evaluated, and the mechanism of drug release was also studied. On the basis of the results, it can be declared that spherical microbeads with mean particle sizes of 443-665 µm were obtained with process yields, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiencies of almost 79.5%, 54.9%, and 79.9%, respectively. The metronidazole release was found to be 68% in 7 h with a formulation containing the drug to polymer ratio of 2:1. The optimum values for alginate concentration and drug to alginate ratio were determined to be within 1.4% (w/v) and 2.85 (w/w), respectively.
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