Background: Phytoestrogens may be an alternative therapy in control of menopausal symptoms but their definite effects on breast tissue must be determined. Our study aimed to define the clinical and ultrasonographic changes of the breast after use of soy isoflavones in menopausal women. Materials and Methods: Menopausal women with hot flashes were randomly grouped as cases and controls and cases received soy isoflavones for 12 weeks. Breast examination (BE) and ultrasonography (US) were done at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. Tenderness and nodularity on BE were graded 1-4 by breast surgeons. Results: There were 30 women in the case and 26 in the control group. The mean age was 51.3 years and the mean age of menopause was 49.2 years. There was no change in the BE and US at 6 weeks in controls. In the case group, 10% had grade 1 tenderness and 13.3% grade 2 tenderness and grade 1 nodularity in BE accompanied with diffuse small cysts in US. At 12 weeks, there was no change in BE and US in the 2 groups. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in the BE of the 2 groups at 6 and 12 weeks (p value=0.36 and 0.41 for nodularity and tenderness respectively) and in the US results. Although the literature contains many facts concerning PEs and the breast, further prospective studies are needed to identify structural breast changes produced by PEs in order to identify the appropriate dosage and indications of use.
Background: Ischemic heart disease can vary substantially in its clinical presentation. Some patients have acute myocardial infarction (MI) without any previous signs of myocardial ischemia, whereas other patients may have stable angina pectoris for years without periods of acute instability; this suggests the possibility of different risk influence in these 2 groups of patients. Methods: Cardiovascular risk factors were compared in 112 consecutive patients with unheralded MIs (81 men; 59.9 ± 11.6 years) and in 168 consecutive patients with chronic stable angina (108 men; 58.2 ± 10.5 years) with at least 60% occlusion in lumen diameter in 1 of the coronary vessels. Results: Logistic-regression analysis revealed that physical inactivity (odds ratio [OR]: 4.32, 95% CI = 2.07, 8.99; P < 0.0001), the values of high sensitive-C-reactive protein levels (OR: 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.11; P = 0.043), diabetes (OR: 2.88, 95% CI = 1.42, 5.83; P = 0.003), and positive family history of premature coronary artery disease (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.71; P = 0.038) were independent predictors of unheralded MI versus chronic stable angina. Conclusion: In our subjects, sedentary life, diabetes mellitus, positive family history of premature coronary artery disease, and higher high sensitive-C-reactive protein levels were important independent predictors for unheralded MI, which suggests that these factors are involved in thrombosis, plaque rupture, or both.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.