Konsep himpunan fuzzy diperkenalkan oleh Zadeh pada tahun 1965. Himpunan fuzzy adalah model matematika dari data kualitatif atau kuantitatif yang bersifat samar, yang sering dihasilkan melalui bahasa alami. Model ini didasarkan pada generalisasi konsep himpunan klasik dan fungsi karakteristiknya. Himpunan fuzzy intuitionistic adalah himpunan yang elemen-elemennya memiliki derajat keanggotaan dan non-keanggotaan. Himpunan fuzzy intuitionistic diperkenalkan oleh Atanassov pada tahun 1983 sebagai perluasan dari himpunan fuzzy. Di sisi lain, konsep rough set diusulkan oleh Pawlak pada tahun 1982. Sejak itu, topik ini telah dikaji di banyak paper. Tujuan keseluruhan dari paper ini adalah untuk menyajikan pengantar beberapa konsep utama terkait dengan himpunan fuzzy, himpunan fuzzy intuitionistic dan rough set. Pada paper ini akan dikaji beberapa topik berikut: crisp sets dan fungsi karakteristik, himpunan fuzzy, himpunan fuzzy intuitionistic, rough sets, dan rough sets probabilistik. Kata kunci: Fungsi karakteristik, himpunan fuzzy, himpunan fuzzy intuitionistic, aproksimasi bawah dan atas, rough set.
Fokus penelitian ini berkenan dengan strategi guru dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam terhadap Anak Tunagrahita Sedang di SLB Pangkalpinang. Dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang strategi guru PAI dalam proses pembelajaran dan kendala yang dihadapinnya. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kulitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, untuk jawaban dari rumusan masalah. Adapun hasil penelitiannya yaitu strategi yang digunakan guru dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam bagi Anak Tunagrahita Sedang di SLBN pangkalpinang yaitu Active Learning, Contextual Teacing Learning (CTL), Cooperative Learning, dan PAIKEM. Namun yang sering digunakan adalah Active Learning, Contextual Teacing Learning (CTL). Adapun kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam proses pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam terdiri dari faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal terdiri dari profesionalitas guru dalam berinteraksi terhadap Anak Tunagrahita Sedang. Kedua, faktor eksternal yang terdiri dari kondisi peserta didik dan fasilitas yang berada disekolah. The focus of this research deals with the teachers strategies in teacher learning of Islamic Studies to ward studies with Middle Mental Retardation of State Difable Elementary School Pangkalpinang. The objective is to discribe the strategies of Islamic Studies Teacher in teaching learning process and the problem on it. This research applied qualitative descriptive, the method of collecting data by interview, observation, documentation to answer the research problems. The result of the research is that the strategies used by the teachers in teaching learning Islamic Studies of Middle Mental Retardation in State Difable Elementary school Pangkalpinang are active Learning, Contextual, Teaching Learning, Cooperative Lerning, and PAIKEM ( is the Indonesia Shorten Term of Active, Inovative,Creative, Effective, and Fun Teaching Learning . But commonly used the Active Learning and Contextual Teaching Learning. The problem faces by teachers in the teaching learning of Islamic Studies consists of Internal and External factors. Internal factor is the teachers profesionalism in interacting with the students with Middle Mental Retardation. The second, eksternal factors is the students conditions and the school facilities.
<p>The existence of Early Childhood Education (PAUD) is immensely needed in the midst of our society. Still, there are many PAUD wich is not conduct yet their development process as required by mandate. Their existence are rarely concern and prioritize the quality of their institution, but quantity. Consequently, there are many PAUD which still have not conducted their learning process accordance with regulation, that is Permendiknas No. 58 year 2009 on standard of Early Childhood Education (PAUD). This research focused on the problem of implementation of early childhood religious character and its intelligence potentials, especially in PAUD Ceria dan Tamasha Valaq. Through its development the research tried to see the growth of religious and moral values, while the intelleigence was saw through physical, cognitive, language and socio-emotional potential.On the other side, the educational process was conducted using learn and play, exemplary, and internalization method apllied to the learners/kids. The research used a descriptive approach that tried to revealed phenomenon holistically and contextually by colleting data. The Early Childhood Education (PAUD) where this reasearh conducted is PAUD Ceria dan Tamasha Valaq in Pangkalpinang. Source of data is derived from Pangkal Pinang national department of education, Kindergarden Teacher Association (IGRA), Association of Indonesian Early Childhood Education (HIMPAUDI) Province Pangkalpinang, PAUD�s manager, teachers, representation of learners and their parents. Analyses method used by this research is qualitative method which used to find implementation of religious character intelligence potentials development in both of PAUD. The result showed that the process of learning conducted by both of PAUD already meet the standard of Early Childhood Education. Eventhough, each of PAUD have itself differencies. Implementation of religious character and intelligence potential development in their curriculum is adjusted with each institution due to absence of standard of curriculum. Learning plan areconsist of arranging annual activity plan, semester activity plan, weekly activity plan, and daily activity plan. According to the percentage of survey result, the impact of religious character development in both of PAUD is realy high. Significant average of every akhlak and its indicators is more than 50%. It proved that habituation and exemplary learning for early childhood are more effective.Result of intelligence potential development are vary due to the difference of aptitude and creativity of every child. From this research, researcher suggest the using of CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning). It is suggested to make the teachers become more creative in developing the process of learning. As for developing intelligence potentials use the thematic development model systematically and holistically.</p><p>Keywords: Anak usia dini, karakter keagamaan, potensi kecerdasan</p>
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama dalam Menciptakan Sikap Toleransi Beragama di Madrasah Aliyah dan Sekolah Menegah Atas Kabupaten Bangka. Pengembangan kurikulum dalam materi pendidikan agama baik di sekolah dan madrasah, terkait dengan toleransi, memberikan pemahaman dan wawasan kepada peserta didik akan pentingnya memahami perbedaan antar agama ataupun sesama agama. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan agama di sekolah dan madrasah sangat perlu dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan kondisi saat ini terkait dengan toleransi beragama. Khususnya di sekolah yang memiliki beragam agama, etnis dan budaya, sehingga sikap toleransi harus di bangun salah satunya melalui penyampaian materi agama dan diaplikasikan di lingkungan sekolah dan masyarakat. Sikap toleransi beragama yang ada di SMA maupun Madrasah Aliyah, baik sesama agama ataupun antar agama terjalin secara akftif dan dinamis.
Disturbance rejection problem with stability by static output feedback of linear-time invariant continuous time system is solvable if there is found a static output feedback control law, u(t) = Ky(t) (if possible), such that disturbance q(t) has no influence in controlled output z(t). So, it is needed the necessary and sufficient condition disturbance rejection problem is solvable. By using the definition and characteristics of (A, B)-invariant subspace, and (C, A)-invariant subspace, then it will be find the necessary and sufficient condition disturbance rejection problem of that system will be solved if and only if maximal element of a set of (C, A)-invariant is an (A, B)-invariant subspace that internally stabilizable and externally stabilizable.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.