Objectives: Detection of Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PDL-1 by tumor cells and stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal carcinoma, to investigate the possibility of using it as a targeted therapy, as well as, correlation of this expression with the clinico-pathologic parameters of the tumors. Materials and Methods: Colorectal tissue sections were collected from 60 colectomy specimens were taken from Kasr El Ainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. Exclusion criteria included cases with missing data and cases who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. IHC expression of PDL-1 was investigated in tumor cells (T) and stromal TILs separately. PDL-1 positivity was defined as PDL-1 expression on ≥ 5% of membranous positive cell staining of any intensity. Results: PDL-1 (T) expression was detected in 25% of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with higher tumor grade and right sided colon tumors (P value < 0.05). PD-L1 stromal TILs expression was detected in 38.3 % of cases. Insignificant statistical relation between Stromal TILs PDL-1 expression and the tumor extent (T) was detected (P value = 0.07), however, the expression of PDL-1 in lymphocytes was inversely proportional to the tumor extent (invasion). There were linear relation between PDL-1 expression stromal (TILs) (33.3%) and PDL-1 expression in tumor cells (28.2%) and positive lympho-vascular invasion but it was statistically insignificant (P value = 0.4 and 0.2 respectively). Despite there were no statistical relation between either PDL-1 (T) and PDL-stromal TILS and Perineural invasion (P value =1 and 0.5) but inverse relation was noticed with more PDL-1 expression in tumor cells (24.5%) and TILS (40.8%) with negative Perineural invasion. Conclusion: Our results supported PDL-1 expression in CRC by both TC and TILs, with higher expression in subset of tumors that are high grade highlighting them as candidates for anti-PD-1/PDL-1 therapy.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract. No effective biomarkers currently exist to allow for an efficient risk classification of endometrial carcinoma or to direct treatment (adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy) or to triage pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) a transmembrane protein of the immunoglobulin family that has been implicated in promoting tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis became an attractive candidate as a potential biomarker in endometrial carcinoma and potential therapeutic target in high-risk groups. OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of L1CAM expression in endometrial carcinoma and correlation of this expression with various pathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for L1CAM was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of 80 cases of endometrial carcinomas that underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Expression of L1CAM in >10% of tumor cells was interpreted as positive. RESULTS: L1CAM expression was detected in 22.5% of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with non-endometrioid histological type, high grade, high FIGO stage, high pathological (T) stage, cervical involvement, nodal metastasis, lymphovascular space invasion, and high-risk tumor according to the European Society for Medical Oncology system for risk stratification (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The high rate of L1CAM expression in high-risk endometrial carcinomas suggests that L1CAM represents a potential marker for the identification of patients needing closer follow-up and aggressive treatment. In addition, its potential role as a therapeutic target for high-risk endometrial cancer seems promising.

HER-2/neu over expression is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness, increased rates of recurrence, and increased mortality in node positive patients. It is amplified and/or over expressed in approximately 30% of female breast cancers. This study was to detect the relation between HER-2/neu over expression and steroid hormone receptor status. It was conducted at Cairo and Bani Suif university hospitals between February 2012 to February 2014. HER-2/neu over expression was found to be positive in thirteen patients (41%) out of the thirty two patients included in the study, more positive (52%) HER-2/neu was found among estrogen receptor (ER) positive patients, on the other hand, only 18% positive HER-2/neu was detected among ER negative patients. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.03). The same outcome was with progesterone receptors (PR) and HER-2/neu with statistically significant difference also (P = 0.02).

Aims: We are trying to understand the role of HER 2 neu in tumor progression. Study design: Prospective study.Place and duration: Conducted at Bani Swif and Kasr AL Aini university hospitals between May 2013 and May 2014. Methodology: 32 patients were enrolled in the study. The speceimens were obtained surgically .Expression of HER-2-neu receptors done aided with Dako Code No. A0485. Results: In the study there were 15 cases with pure invasive carcinoma and 17 cases with in situ component , there were more positive cases (59%) with HER-2-neu in the invasive associated with in situ group than those in the pure invasive group (20%), this was statistically significant (P<0.016). Conclusion: In conclusion, it may be assumed that during cells of the in situ component are acquiring invasiveness, they partly loose Her-2-neu over expression The high percent of positive HER-2-neu in cases associated with in situ component point an arrow with question mark towards possible changes in the tumor cell biology or the actual cell line of the in situ and the invasive components.

Medullary carcinoma is famous of lymphoid infiltrate and improved prognosis. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte with positive Granzyme B constitutes a major subset within the infiltrate. The aim was to study Granzyme B expression and medullary carcinoma behavior. Twenty six female patients were admitted at Dr Fakeeh and Al Hayat Hospitals in Jeddah, K.S.A. from March 2004 to January 2007. Sixteen patients were below 45 years and ten were above. Granzyme B was positive in 75% of the first group and 60% in the second group. Granzyme B expression was positive in 62.5% of infiltrating ductal carcinoma with in situ component while it was 80% without in situ. Granzyme B expressed in 100% of medullary carcinoma, and 60% in others (p < 0.001). 4 lymph nodes out of six were affected in the medullary carcinoma while in others it was 18 out of 20 with no significant statistical differences. Granzyme B+ve Cytotoxic T lymphocyte were 100% in medullary carcinoma while Granzyme B+ve tumor cell was 33.3%. The values were 60% and 20% in others. N0 showed 100% +ve Granzyme B, N1 showed 71.4% and N2 showed 50%. Granzyme B, in a way or another is responsible for damaging cancer cells, leading to lost ability to invade lymphatic vessels or to grow in regional lymph nodes.