Duodenal perforation may occur at the time of insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis or following endoscopic manipulation of such a stent. The possibility of perforation as a late sequela of stent migration, after percutaneous placement of an endoprosthesis, however, has not been emphasized. In the authors' experience with a 12-F soft-stent endoprosthesis, duodenal perforation occurred in four of 50 patients following initially satisfactory stent placement. One intraperitoneal perforation necessitated immediate surgical intervention. The three retroperitoneal perforations were treated conservatively.
A case of renal angiomyolipoma is reported, in which embolotherapy was followed by liquefaction of virtually the entire tumor. The liquified lesion was drained percutaneously.
Percutaneous ureteral stents were used in the management of 24 patients with ureteral fistulas, strictures, and calculi. This technique provides control of the urinary stream and maintains ureteral caliber while healing occurs. It is a useful alternative to the retrograde cystoscopic or surgical approach.
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