The effect of substituting fishmeal with crustacean (Callianassa) meal in the diets of mixed sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry (0.2 g) was evaluated. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 30% CP and 15% CL where fishmeal was substituted with Callianassa meal at 0, 25 and 50% in diets R1, R2 and R3 respectively. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The stocking density was 10 fish per tank in an isolated system and the capacity of each tank was 50L. Each treatment was administered in duplicates and fish were fed three times per day (09h, 13h, and 17h). The daily ration corresponds to 10% of the live weight of the fish during the first 2 weeks and was reduced to 8% and then 6% for the second and last two weeks of the trial period. At the end of the experiment, fish fed on R1 (control) diet and R2 diet (25% fishmeal replacement) had similar final weight (0.62 g), absolute mean weight gain (0.42 g), relative mean weight gain (210 %) and specific growth rate (2.50 %) and were significantly different from the values obtained from those fed on R3 diet (50% fishmeal replacement). R3 diet had the best FCR (1.42) and was significantly different from the values obtained from R1 and R2 diets but the values of the diets were not significantly different. The dry matter content of the initial fish (96.33%) and those of the R1 (94.12%) and R2 (95.71%) diets did not differ significantly but were slightly higher than that of the value obtained from fish fed on R3 diet (91.15). The protein content of the initial fish (49.63%) was significantly lower than the values obtained from fish fed on R3 diet (61.95%), R1 diet (54.74%) and R2 diet (52.59%). The fat content of the initial fish (41.51%) was higher than the values obtained when fish were fed on the experimental diets. Among the tested diets, the higher the crustacean meal in the diet, the lower the fat content of the fish muscle. The fat content of R1 (control) diet (29.56%) was slightly higher than the value of R3 diet (24.44%) and slightly lower than R2 diet (32.56%). It is concluded that crustacean meal can replace 25% of fishmeal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry at 0.2 g without any effect on the growth performances and feed efficiency.
Aquaculture started in The Gambia in 1979 but is still at a rudimentary stage. Many government and private interventions conducted on fish farming failed due to the high cost of feed. Fishmeal based diets are expensive thus using them makes many fish farming in the developing countries unprofitable businesses. There is a need to use locally available plant ingredients to develop fish feeds. This study was conducted to compare the growth, feed efficiency and production cost-effectiveness of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish fed on fishmeal-based diet (control diet) to that of the same fish fed on plant-based diet (test diet). The two isonitrogenous (30 % CP) experimental diets were tested on 0.81g Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry for a period of six (6) weeks. The control diet composed of fishmeal, soybean meal, cassava flour, and a blend of palm oil and fish oil premixed with mineral and vitamin supplements. The plant-based diet consisted of groundnut cake, wheat flour, brewery waste and rice bran supplemented with mineral and vitamin premixes. Regarding growth performance parameters, there were significant differences between the final mean weight, mean weight gain, percentage mean weight gain and the specific growth rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish fed on the control diet and the plant-based diet. For feed efficiency parameters, there was significant difference between feed conversion ratio for fish fed the control diet and the plant-based diet. However, there was no difference between the fish fed the two diets with regards to the protein efficiency ratio or survival rate. The plant-based diet was inferior to the fishmeal-based diet in terms of growth and feed efficiency parameters of 0.81g Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. When compared to the fish-meal based diet, the plant based-diet was more cost-effective in producing a kilogram of feed but less cost-effective in producing of a kilogram of fish. Therefore, a plant based-diet cannot replace a fishmeal based-diet without compromising Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish growth performance and production cost-effectiveness.
The effect of substituting fishmeal with crustacean (Callianassa) meal in the diets of mixed sex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry (0.2 g) was evaluated. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 30% CP and 15% CL where fishmeal was substituted with Callianassa meal at 0, 25 and 50% in diets R1, R2 and R3 respectively. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. The stocking density was 10 fish per tank in an isolated system and the capacity of each tank was 50L. Each treatment was administered in duplicates and fish were fed three times per day (09h, 13h, and 17h). The daily ration corresponds to 10% of the live weight of the fish during the first 2 weeks and was reduced to 8% and then 6% for the second and last two weeks of the trial period. At the end of the experiment, fish fed on R1 (control) diet and R2 diet (25% fishmeal replacement) had similar final weight (0.62 g), absolute mean weight gain (0.42 g), relative mean weight gain (210 %) and specific growth rate (2.50 %) and were significantly different from the values obtained from those fed on R3 diet (50% fishmeal replacement). R3 diet had the best FCR (1.42) and was significantly different from the values obtained from R1 and R2 diets but the values of the diets were not significantly different. The dry matter content of the initial fish (96.33%) and those of the R1 (94.12%) and R2 (95.71%) diets did not differ significantly but were slightly higher than that of the value obtained from fish fed on R3 diet (91.15). The protein content of the initial fish (49.63%) was significantly lower than the values obtained from fish fed on R3 diet (61.95%), R1 diet (54.74%) and R2 diet (52.59%). The fat content of the initial fish (41.51%) was higher than the values obtained when fish were fed on the experimental diets. Among the tested diets, the higher the crustacean meal in the diet, the lower the fat content of the fish muscle. The fat content of R1 (control) diet (29.56%) was slightly higher than the value of R3 diet (24.44%) and slightly lower than R2 diet (32.56%). It is concluded that crustacean meal can replace 25% of fishmeal in the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry at 0.2 g without any effect on the growth performances and feed efficiency.
The present study assessed the effects of incorporating sea clam (Senilia senilis)meat mealas a partial replacement for fishmeal on the growth performance, survival and whole-body composition of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry(0.2 g).Three iso-proteins (26%) and iso-caloric (11%) diets where fishmeal was substituted withclam meat meal at 0% diet A,10% diet B, and 15% diet C were prepared.The experiment was conductedfor 12 weeks. The stocking density was 15 fish per tank in an isolated system consisting of 9 plastic tanks of 80L each. Each treatment was administered in triplicates, and fish were fed three times per day (09 :00h, 13 :00h, and 17 :00h). The daily ration corresponded to 10% of the fishs live weight during the first month and was reduced to 8% and then 6% for the second and last month of the trial period.The results of this study showed that the incorporation of clam meat meal in the diet of Nile Tilapia fry has benefited growth in fish fed the tested diets. The best growth performance was obtained in the fish fed with diet B containing 10% clam meat meal: 10.57g for absolute mean weight gain 4.75% /d for SGR 0.82 for FCR 2.14 for PER, followed by diet A.Diet C has the lowest growth performance: 8.37g for weight gain,4.44%/d for SGR,0.99 for FCR, and 1.75 for PER. The best survival rate was obtained by diet C (93.33%), followed by diet B (80%), and the lowest by diet A (71.11%). The protein contents of the tested fish were moderately higher than that of the initial fish. No big difference was observed among the tested diets. The ash content is reduced sharply after two months feeding. The lipid content of the tested fish decreasedslightly in comparison to the initial fish. At the end of the study, fish fed with diet B showed the best growth performance among other diets. These results indicatethat clam meat meal can be included up to 15% in the tilapia diet without affecting the nutritional quality of the feed.
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