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Power generation capacity of Bangladesh needs to be enhanced to support the rising electricity demand. Bangladesh has predominantly used fossil fuel generators for the past decades. Saint Martin's Island and Kuakata are two significant areas that lie at or near the coast of Bangladesh with an average annual solar radiation of 4.81 and 4.65 kWh m−2 day−1, respectively. The monthly average wind speeds at a height of 25 meters are 4.79 and 4.54 m s−1, respectively. Considering this data and the benefits of the optimized hybrid systems, HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) is used to optimize a system for each of these areas. The costs of energy found from the proposed optimized PV‐wind‐diesel hybrid Energy system for Saint Martin's island and Kuakata are 0.393 and 0.392 USD kW−1 h−1, respectively, the net present cost (NPC) also has been evaluated as 168767.831 USD which are quite reasonable with respect to the present situation in Bangladesh. The major objective of this proposed optimized design is to supply the maximum load demand using renewable sources with the minimum cost of energy (COE) and reduce the burning of fuel and also reduce the emission of CO2. The proposed energy system is able to meet 67.3 and 62.3% load demand using renewable sources, which helps to reduce the GHG (Green Houses Gas) emission by 67 and 64% for Saint Martin's island and Kuakata, respectively when compared to a diesel system. Total load served throughout the year is 33,611 kWh, which is 16% higher than the previously designed system with approximately equivalent COE. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 297–304, 2017

Global business entities face the challenge of incremental pressures to restructure their strategic alignments and capabilities to be in accordance with the sustainable development initiatives of the United Nations. This study endeavours to investigate the mediating role of employees’ green motivations in the relationships of environmental ethics, the institutional environment, and managerial support with the green behaviour of companies in the Malaysian food manufacturing industry. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey completed by 230 respondents to achieve the study objectives. The respondents consisted of CEOs, company managers, marketing managers, human resources department managers, concerned authorities from environmental protection departments, and producers in the Malaysian food manufacturing industry. The study found that environmental ethics, the institutional environment and managerial support play significant roles in motivating employees’ green activities within organisations, while employees’ green motivation substantially contributes to the green behaviour of the company. This study also revealed that employees’ green motivation plays an important mediating role in the relationships of environmental ethics, the institutional environment, and managerial support with the green behaviour of the company. The implications of this study will be important for allowing governments to take instantaneous action for their climate change pledges to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) following the Paris Accord of 2015 and the Marrakech Proclamation of 2016.

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In the era of competitiveness, clients or borrowers remain an important asset for financial institutions, as they are the ultimate source of revenue. Although the departure of clients from one microfinance institution (MFI) to another is a common phenomenon, the manner in which organizational characteristics affect turnover is largely unknown in the context of the microfinance industry. Hence, by utilizing recent (2010–18) data on 235 MFIs from the global microfinance industry, this study investigates the factors affecting the borrower turnover rates (BTR) of MFIs by employing conventional panel regression techniques. To overcome endogeneity and ensure robust and dynamic results, the generalized method of moments (GMM) has also been used in this study. The findings reveal that the efficiency‐wage and financial self‐sufficiency of MFIs reduce BTR, while staff turnover rate, write‐off ratio and average loan size increase BTR. Our results remain robust even after controlling for several market and macro‐economic factors. The findings could be utilized to generate several policy implications to reduce borrowers’ turnover.