Dental caries is a convoluted, chronic, multifactorial disease. The correlative roles of heredity and environment (nature vs. nurture) in the origination and development of dental caries have intrigued scientific researchers.To examine and analyze the role of dermatoglyphics in predicting the susceptibility of individuals to developing dental caries. Materials and Methods: 100 children in the age group 5-12 years were examined during a school screening camp. They were divided into four groups as follows: Caries-free males (decayed, missing, and filled teeth [DMFT] score =0), caries-free females (DMFT score =0), males with caries (DMFT score ≥5), and females with caries (DMFT score ≥5). The handprints of each child were taken and the frequency of occurrence of particular type of dermatoglyphic pattern on the fingertip of each digit was noted. Separate DMFT scores were recorded and analyzed. Statistical analysis was undertaken using nonparametric tests and t-test to compare the dermatoglyphic pattern changes between the two groups and was applied for each variable, to compare the proportions and P value. Results: A correlation was observed between caries susceptibility and fingerprint patterns in the subjects. The female caries group showed maximum occurrence of whorls than the caries-free group and the whorl pattern was found to be more prevalent in females on their left hand thumb than in males, who showed more whorls on their right hand thumb and 3 rd digit. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics can be used as an inexpensive noninvasive tool for diagnosing susceptibility to caries.
Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the rugae pattern changes (rugae number, length, shape, direction, and unification) in completely edentulous patients treated with complete denture. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects were selected for the study. The experimental group comprised 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) who had undergone complete denture treatment and the control group comprised 40 participants (20 males and 20 females) who were dentulous and patients with fixed partial denture treatment. Mucostatic maxillary alginate impressions were made for all the subjects, and casts were poured with gypsum. Patients were recalled at the regular intervals of 1, 6, and 18 months after the treatment. During those recalls, the same impression procedure was made, and all the palatal rugaes were observed for number, length, shape, direction, and unifications under magnifying lens. Changes in the palatal rugae were statistically analyzed using the unpaired t‑test. Results: A gradual decrease in the length was observed in primary, secondary, and fragmentary rugae for the experimental group after denture wearing (Group 1). Statistically, the change was significant (P < 0.001) in primary rugae only. A slight change in rugae shape was also observed in the experimental group after 18 months period of denture wearing which is statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Significant decrease in primary rugae length in complete denture wearers was due to sustained mechanical stress posed by the dentures on palatal rugae. The other parameters such as rugae number, direction, and unification remained constant throughout the study. Palatal rugae analysis may not be helpful for human identification in complete denture wearers. Nevertheless, palatal rugae may serve as an adjuvant to other techniques such as DNA analysis and finger prints in forensic investigations.
Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic activation of photosensitizer (PS) drug Foscan in the elimination of endodontic pathogen from root canal system.Materials and Methods:The minimal bactericidal concentration of “Foscan” was determined using disc diffusion and broth dilution method. Forty-eight extracted single-rooted premolars with periapical pathology were used for the study. After access opening, the first microbial sample was taken. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups: Group 1: Chemomechanical debridement (CMD), Group 2: CMD and passive ultrasonic irrigation (CMD + PUI), Group 3: CMD and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), and Group 4: CMD and aPDT with activation by ultrasonics. After antimicrobial protocols, the second microbiological sample was collected. The samples were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the effectiveness of four antimicrobial protocols on Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola.Statistical Analysis Used:Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test with the significant level P < 0.05, using IBM SPSS statistics 20 version software.Results:Foscan at concentration of 3.125 μg/ml was chosen for antimicrobial analysis. The prevalence of T. denticola, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia was 79.17%, 70.84%, 70.83%, and 58.33%, respectively. Group 4 showed highest bacterial reduction of 99.51%, followed by Group 1 which showed bacterial reduction of 97.35%.Conclusions:Foscan can be used as an effective PS dye at low concentration with minimal tendency for tooth discoloration. Ultrasonic activation of PS dye facilitated better diffusion into dentinal tubules and biofilm obtaining greater bacterial reduction.
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