Objectives:
Treatment of dry mouth is the most common clinical challenge in the dental field. Although some remedies have been used to improve the signs and symptoms of xerostomia, none of them are absolutely satisfactory for the patients who have this alteration. In the current years, non-pharmacological treatments based on neuro-electro-stimulation for the treatment of xerostomia were developed. This review aimed at presenting recent developments for the treatment of xerostomia, applying neuro-electro-stimulation by miniaturized intraoral electrostimulators.
Materials and Methods:
A thorough literature search between 1986 and 2018 was carried out using PubMed Central, Scopus, National Science Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases; the results were reviewed, prioritized, and the findings were compiled. Twenty-two studies were evaluated for the review.
Results:
This tool increases salivary secretion and improves xerostomia symptoms. Scientific trials have been carried out, which have revealed the wetting effect of the method described in this text.
Conclusion:
Neuro-electro-stimulation of the salivary gland plays an important role in the stimulation of saliva in patients who need further therapy and have poor quality of life. Intraoral electrostimulator offers a new non-pharmacological method for treating dry mouth.
In the present study, a simple perfectly premixed research burner was utilized at temperatures, pressures and residence times representative of an industrial gas turbine cycle to identify the lower limit of NO^ and CO emissions, and to establish an emissions benchmaric for practical gas turbine combustors. In addition to experimental data, a chemical reactor model has been utilized for the prediction ofthe NO^^ and CO, based on detailed chemical reaction mechanisms. Several current kinetics mechanisms were evaluated and subsequently compared to the experimental data. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify important reactions at the conditions tested, and will be discussed.
The thermal characteristics of a Phase Change Material (PCM) based heat sinks, having different configurations and orientations of fins, subject to (i) constant heat load, and (ii) heat load with a power surge, are studied numerically. Preliminary investigations showed that a heat sink with PCM gets heated to a much lower temperature than an air cooled heat sink. Four finned heat sinks are considered for further investigations. The heat sink with PCM, sans fins, is used for baseline comparison. The orientation of fins in the other four heat sinks is either vertical or horizontal with square and rectangular cross-sections. The heat sink and fins are made of aluminum, and the PCM used is n-eicosane (C20 H42). The enthalpy porosity method is used to model the solid-liquid phase change in the PCM. Three-dimensional, transient numerical simulations are carried out using Ansys Fluent 15.0. For a constant heat load of 5 W and power surges of various magnitudes at different time instants, the heat sink with vertical square fins shows superior performance. Even so, for power surges, the location and configuration of fins have a significant effect on the heater temperature. Cases with high power surge and shorter duration of the surge were also considered to critically examine the effect of fins in controlling the maximum temperature in the heat sink. The numerical results of the best performing heat sink, i.e., the heat sink with vertical square fins, are finally validated against in-house experiments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.