High-performance synthetic fiber reinforced composites are utilized in hightech applications due to their higher mechanical properties. However, in previous work, these composites were not used in outdoor (parks, picnic) and hygienic (hospitals, schools, offices) furniture applications due to fire hazards and bacterial attack. In this work, functional (flame retardant and antibacterial) composites were fabricated along with improved low velocity impact (LVI) response. In the first part of the work, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with the different zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) to optimize their flame retardancy and LVI properties. In the second part, glass/epoxy composites were loaded with different zinc oxide (ZnO) particles percentages (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) to optimize their anti-bacterial and LVI properties. ZrP with 15% concentration showed the highest value of flame retardancy, and energy absorption (31.70 J) and maximum impact force (1377 N) during drop weight impact test. Also, ZnO with 1.5% concentration showed the best anti-bacterial activity along with improved LVI response (29.70 J absorbed absorbed). In the third part, these optimized percentages of ZrP (15%) and ZnO (1.5%) were used for the development of the hybrid carbon-glass epoxy composites. Overall, hybrid H3 (GCCG) and H4 (CGGC) showed the optimized and comparable flame retardancy, anti-bacterial and LVI (29.70 J {H3} and 29.20 J {H4} absorbed absorbed) response.
Generally, carbon and glass fibers based composites are used in high-tech end products, but these are not preferred in indoor, outdoor and hygienic furniture applications due to microorganisms attack and prone to fire. In the first section of the research, different percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%) of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) particles were added in epoxy resin and corresponding glass/epoxy composites were fabricated to enhance their flame retardancy (FR) and mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and short beam shear). In the second section, different percentages (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were mixed in the epoxy resin and corresponding glass/epoxy composites were fabricated to optimize their antibacterial activity and mechanical performance. 15% concentration of ZrP particles exhibited the maximum flame retardancy and mechanical performance in composites, and 1.5% concentration of ZnO particles exhibited the highest antibacterial activity along with improved mechanical performance. In the third section, two (02) pure glass and carbon, and two (02) glass-carbon/carbon-glass hybrid composites were made with optimized concentrations of both ZrP and ZnO particles. Carbon/epoxy (H2) composite showed the highest mechanical properties in comparison with glass and hybrid composites due to the presence of four layers of carbon reinforcement. These functional hybrid composite-based furniture products can be used in indoor, hygienic (hospitals, schools, and offices), and outdoor furniture applications.
Background: Complications that could be fatal can affect nearly 15% of pregnant women. As a result, it will be helpful to direct the appropriate intervention if a high-risk pregnancy is identified early on. Objectives: This study was aimed to ascertain the outcomes of pregnancies among pregnant women. Methods: In this study, age groups of 20-40 years of women were involved, among them, 60 women from each hospital participated. The majority of women were from rural areas. The occupation of majority of women husband in DHQ was farming (33.33%), followed by laborer (40%), teaching (16.65%) and trading (10%), while majority of husbands of patients in KTMC were laborer (38.33%) followed by farming (36.66%), teaching (13.33%) and trading (11.66%). Results: The normal weight of children in DHQ and KTMC was recorded 75 and 68.33%, respectively. In DHQ and KTMC, 50 and 38.33% children born alive, respectively while 26.66 and 35% abortions occurred, respectively. Neonatal outcome was linked to pregnancy complications and perinatal morbidity. Practical implications: This study focused on the neonatal health and the pregnancy outcome of the pregnant women. Improvement in vaginal birth, improvement of neonatal birth weight but caesarean section in high-risk mothers was analyzed in this study. Conclusion: The majority of maternal morbidities could be avoided if the mother had access to timely and appropriate healthcare during her pregnancy. As a result, proper care and prompt referral can help reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity and possibly improve maternal outcomes. Keywords: Pregnancy; Outcomes; Complications; Low birth weight; prenatal care
A suitable framework for the development of artificial neural networks is important because it decides the level of accuracy, which can be reached for a certain dataset and increases the certainty about the reached classification results. In this paper, we conduct a comparative study for the performance of four frameworks, Keras with TensorFlow, Pytorch, TensorFlow, and Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK), for the elaboration of neural networks. The number of neurons in the hidden layer of the neural networks is varied from 8 to 64 to understand its effect on the performance metrics of the frameworks. A test dataset is synthesized using an analytical model and real measured impedance spectra by an eddy current sensor coil on EUR 2 and TRY 1 coins. The dataset has been extended by using a novel method based on interpolation technique to create datasets with different difficulty levels to replicate the scenario with a good imitation of EUR 2 coins and to investigate the limit of the prediction accuracy. It was observed that the compared frameworks have high accuracy performance for a lower level of difficulty in the dataset. As the difficulty in the dataset is raised, there was a drop in the accuracy of CNTK and Keras with TensorFlow depending upon the number of neurons in the hidden layers. It was observed that CNTK has the overall worst accuracy performance with an increase in the difficulty level of the datasets. Therefore, the major comparison was confined to Pytorch and TensorFlow. It was observed for Pytorch and TensorFlow with 32 and 64 neurons in hidden layers that there is a minor drop in the accuracy with an increase in the difficulty level of the dataset and was above 90% until both the coins were 80% closer to each other in terms of electrical and magnetic properties. However, Pytorch with 32 neurons in the hidden layer has a reduction in model size by 70% and 16.3% and predicts the class, 73.6% and 15.6% faster in comparison to TensorFlow and Pytorch with 64 neurons.
In both high- and low-income nations, preterm pre-labou membrane rupture is a significant contributor to perinatal, neonatal, and maternal illness and mortality. Premature membrane rupture puts a woman at risk for postpartum haemorrhage, intraamniotic infection, and even death. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membranes and its related factors among pregnant women admitted to health institutions because little is known about the issue in the study region. A total of 300 participants participated in this research among which 100 had preterm PROM, 100 had PROM, and 100 had preterm deliveries. The ages of the participants ranged from 18-40 years with a mean age of 25.12 ± 4.43 years. Among 300 participants, 9.33, 17.33, 21, 24.33, and 28% were 18-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, and 40 years of age, respectively. Among the total, 19 (6.33%), 271 (90.33%) and 10 (3.33%) were divorced, married and widowed, respectively. Among a total, 44, 40.33, and 15.66% of the participants were multigravida, primigravida, and grand-multigravida, respectively. The majority (87%) of mothers had ANC follow-up in their current pregnancy. In the large population, 255 (85%) had labor pain while 171 (578%) of mothers showed vaginal bleeding in the current pregnancy and 167 (55.67%) of mothers had cephalic presentation. 88.33% of pregnant women had no history of PROM. 97 (32.33%) of mothers had urinary tract infection in pregnancy, 32 (10.66%) had anaemia, and 41 (13.67%) had an abnormal vaginal discharge. The pregnant mothers had not used any cocaine, and cigarettes. Different risk factors associated with PPROM such as current urinary tract infection, gravidity, history of previous PPROM, preeclampsia, economic status, and anaemia were recorded. The major risk factors are use of smoking, chat, and cocaine. To lower the incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes, early detection and treatment of urinary tract infections and atypical vaginal discharges were advised. Keywords: Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes; fetal outcome; Female urogenital disorders; maternal age; Pakistan
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