ABSTRAKHidayat C, Iskandar S, Sartika T , Wardhani T. 2016. Respon pertumbuhan galur ayam lokal terseleksi terhadap ransum dengan kadar energi metabolis dan protein berbeda. JITV 21(3): 174-181. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 14334/jitv.v21i3.1397 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan galur ayam lokal hasil seleksi terhadap ransum dengan kadar energi metabolis dan protein ransum berbeda.. Tiga kelompok anak ayam hasil perkawinan galur ayam lokal terseleksi, yaitu Line 1 (♂KUB dengan ♀KUB), Line 2 (♂SenSi dengan ♀KUB) dan Line 3 (♂Gaok dengan ♀KUB), diberi tiga ransum perlakuan berbeda, yang terdiri dari ransum Diet 1 (2800 kkal ME/ kg dengan 17,81% protein kasar), Diet 2, (2950 kkal ME/ kg dengan 18,61% protein kasar) dan Diet 3 (3100 kkal ME/ kg dengan 19,25% protein kasar). Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan faktorial 3x3. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak 7 kali dengan jumlah anak ayam umur sehari (DOC) sebanyak 5 ekor/ulangan, yang dipelihara sampai dengan umur 10 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur Line 2 (♂SenSi x ♀KUB) menunjukkan bobot hidup umur 10 minggu yang lebih tinggi (P<0,05), feed conversion ratio (FCR) yang rendah dan European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) yang tinggi, dibandingkan dengan kedua galur lainnya. Ransum yang optimum untuk galur Line 2 adalah ransum Diet 2, maka diambil kesimpulan bahwai galur ayam hasil perkawinan ♂SenSi dengan ♀KUB berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai ayam lokal tipe pedaging komersial di Indonesia dengan menggunakan ransum optimum yang mempunyai kadar energi 2950 kcal ME/kg dengan 18,61% protein kasar. The aim of doing this experiment was to observe the growth response of improved native breeds of chicken under diets differed in energy and protein content. Three groups of improved native breeds, obtained from mating of ♂KUB to ♀KUB (Line 1), of ♂SenSi to ♀KUB (Line 2) and of ♂Gaok x ♀KUB (Line 3), were subjected to three experimental diets, differed in metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) content. The experimental diets consisted of Diet 1 (2,800 kcal ME/ kg with 17,81% CP), Diet 2 (2,950 kcal ME/ kg with 18,61% CP) and Diet 3 (3,100 kcal ME/ kg with 19,25% CP). The experiment was designed as factorial 3 x 3 with 7 replications of each treatment combination, consisted of 5 birds per treatment combination. The chickens were raised up to 10 weeks of age. Results of the experiment showed that Line 2 (♂SenSi mated to ♀KUB) had highest body weight at 10 weeks of age (P<0.05), lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and highest European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF), compared to other two lines. The appropriate diet for Line 2 was Diet 2. It could be concluded the crossbred line that was resulted from crossing of ♂SenSi to ♀KUB (Line 2), had potential to be used as improved native chicken for the industry in Indonesia supported by appropriate diet containing 2,950 kcal ME/kg with 18.61% crude protein.
The aim of the experiment was to explore the possibility of using free choice feeding technique under diff erent cage density for unselected native chicken. Eighty hens of laying Wareng chicken were divided into two feeding systems. Half of them were fed complete commercial diet of 17% crude protein, with 2800 kcal ME/kg and the other half were subjected to free choice diet. The diets were in mash form and placed in suffi cient feed troughs in front of each cage. Each cage was occupied by four or six hens. Free choice feeding hens were served with commercial concentrate (30% crude protein), ground corn and oyster shell, placed separately in feed troughs. Observation was carried out during 24 weeks laying period, starting from 20 to 44 weeks of age. The results showed that egg production (9.35% hen day), and the intake of feed (42.74 g/day), protein (7.01 g/day), energy (116.6 kcal ME/day), calcium (1.99 g/day and phosphorus (0.22 g/day) were not aff ected (P>0.05) by feeding system nor by cage density. The results however indicated that free choice feeding technique provided suffi cient nutrients in supporting maximum egg production of unselected native chicken.
<p>One of local chicken breeds develop in Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) is local SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken. This new improved local-meat-type breed was released with Ministry Agriculture Decree Number 39/Kpts/PK.020/1/2017 on 20<sup>th</sup> January 2017. SenSi-1 Agrinak was originally selected from native Sentul chicken breed obtained from Ciamis district in West Java Province. Selection criteria were two feather colors of grey or black spotted white (pucak), which were applied to both males and females. Pea-comb type was also one criterion for males, applied at the age of 10 weeks. Live weight at the age of 10 weeks with the selection intensity of 25% was applied to each generation of males chicken. Selection proceeded for six generations. Selection program was carried out under standard feed formulae containing around 17% crude protein with 2850 kcal ME/ kg, and containing other nutrients following the ones recommended for modern chicken of White Leghorn. Observation was conducted on each of about 2000 young chickens of grey and of Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak both males and females age of 10 and 84 weeks. Results showed that grey SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Grey feather color distribution of 55.51% in males, and 60.77% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 52.51% in males, and 33.33% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 90.98% in males, and 89.23% in females; iv). Ten weeks live weight of 886.38+142.93 g/bird in males, and 739.17+ 118.87 in females. Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken in total population, had: i) Pucak feather color of 75.65% in males, and 8330% in females; ii) Yellow shank color of 51.91% in males, and 36.59% in females; iii) Pea type comb of 91.55% in males, and 92.28% in females; iv) Ten weeks live weight of 908.76+ 130.98 g/bird in males, and 750.53+ 110.56 g/bird in females. Whilst for grey SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken after selection had live weight at 10 weeks old of 1015+107 g/bird, and for Pucak SenSi-1 Agrinak male chicken was 1051+76 g/bird. This initial performance information for those two breeds of considerably improved local chicken can be used as the base of information for SenSi-1 Agrinak breed for male line of meat type of local chicken breeding.</p>
This study was conducted to determine the effect of phytase enzymes and ZnO supplementation on the performance of native chicken Sentul G-3 fed high rice-bran diet. Two hundred and seventy day old chicks (DOC) native chicken Sentul G-3 from three different hatcheries were used in this study. Factorial randomized block design (3 x 3) was applied in this study. The first factor was the enzyme phytase supplementation levels (0; 1000; 2000 U/kg), the second factor was the level of supplementation of ZnO (0; 1.5; 3.2 g/kg), so that there are nine treatment given, namely R1 = 50% commercial diet : 50% rice bran; R2 = R1 + 1.5 g ZnO/kg; R3 = R1 + 3.2 g ZnO/kg; R4 = R1 + phytase enzyme 1000 U/kg; R5 = R1 + (phytase enzyme 1000 U/kg + 1.5 g ZnO/kg); R6 = R1 + (phytase enzyme 1000 U/kg + 3.2 g ZnO/kg); R7 = R1 + phytase enzyme 2000 U/kg; R8 = R1 + (phytase enzyme 2000 U/kg + 1.5 g ZnO/kg); R9 = R1 + (phytase enzyme 2000 U/kg + 3.2 g ZnO/kg). Each experimental unit consisted of 6 head unsexed native chicken Sentul G-3. The experimental diet was fed for 10 weeks. The variables measured were body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, mineral deposition of Ca, P, Zn in the tibia bone, alkaline phosfatase enzyme activity in serum. Results showed that there was significant interaction (P<0.05) between phytase enzyme and ZnO supplementation on body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion, zinc deposition in the tibia bone. There was no significant interaction (P>0.05) between phytase enzyme and ZnO supplementation on feed intake, mortality, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in serum, and deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the tibia bone. It was concluded that supplementation of phytase enzyme and ZnO were not able to increase the growth of native chicken Sentul G-3 on fed diet containing high rice bran.
KUB-2 line of chicken has improved local chicken selected from the KUB-1 chicken line. KUB-2 was selected for more egg production and yellow shank. KUB-1 chicken has 64% various of black feather color, which sometimes tends to have unpreferred dark carcass. Yellow shank color has a positive correlation with the skin color of carcass. As many as 517 pullets of KUB-2 at 4th generation were divided into two groups of 194 pullets of KUB-2kk (yellow shank) and 323 pullets of KUB-2nk non-yellow shank). The chickens were raised intensively in the individual cages for the 24 weeks observation. Variables measured were age at first egg (AFE) bodyweight at first egg (BWFE), egg weight at first egg (EWFE), average egg weight (AEW), average egg production (AEP) during 24 weeks, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 25-43 weeks of age, and mortality. The result showed that there was no statistically significant different (p>0.05) between KUB-2nk and KUB-2kk respectively for AFE of 156.2 d and 158.1 d, for BWFE of 1788 g and 1808 g, for EWFE of 31.32 g and 31.34 g, for AEP24 of 103.3 eggs or 61.5% and 101.9 eggs or 60.7%, and for FCR25-43 of 3.53 and 3.54. AEW increased with increasing age of hen, the mortality of the whole population was 0.98%.
The utilization of local chicken genetic resources in Indonesia is increasing after the government program to achieve food sovereignty including livestock products. In the year of 2017, the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) released SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken breed to be used as commercial meat type of local chicken in Indonesia. This paper describes development and distribution of the SenSi-1 Agrinak. This breed was selected from the native breed of Sentul chicken, originated from Ciamis District of West Java Province. The Sentul male was selected to achieve average live weight of 1 kg/bird at 10 weeks of age, with grey (G) and black spotted white (BSW) plumage color and pea-comb type. After six generations of selection, SenSi-1 Agrinak was released as an improved local meat-type chicken breed. License to private local chicken breeders is expected to increase SenSi-1 Agrinak population and distribution. Collaboration with several Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) and implementation of #BEKERJA-Ministry of Agriculture program can accelerate population and distribution of SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken to farmers throughout Indonesia.
<p class="Default"><span lang="EN-US">Sensi-1 Agrinak is a strain of the improved native chickens for meat production in Indonesia. The objective of </span><span lang="IN">this</span><span lang="EN-US"> study was to investigate influence of different dietary energy and protein levels on </span><span lang="IN">p</span><span lang="EN-US">erformance, meat bone ratio</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span lang="EN-US"> and meat chemical composition of Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken, reared until 10 weeks of age. Two hundred and sixteen of unsexed day old chickens (DOC) of Sensi-1 Agrinak were subjected to six experimental rations differed in dietary crude protein (CP) content,. </span><span lang="IN">Namely:</span><span lang="EN-US"> 21;19; and 17 % and dietary metabolizable energy (ME) (2800 and 3000 kcal/kg). Each treatment combination was replicated four times and fed from day old to 10 weeks old. In each treatment combination there were nine unsexed-DOCs. The parameters observed were performance (i.e. live weight, feed intake, viability, FCR), economic index (European Production Efficiency Factor/EPEF), meat bone ratio, and meat chemical composition. </span><span lang="IN">R</span><span lang="EN-US">esult showed that </span><span lang="EN-US">increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> of dietary CP level increased live weight and EPEF (p<0.05). Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken had the best FCR (2.59), when fed diet containing 21% CP and 3000 kcal/kg. Increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> dietary CP level increased the meat-bone ratio of breast, thighs, and drumsticks. Meanwhile, increas</span><span lang="IN">ed</span><span lang="EN-US"> levels of dietary CP and ME did not affect (p>0.05) meat chemical composition. It </span><span lang="IN">is</span><span lang="EN-US"> concluded that optimal dietary levels of crude protein and energy for unsexed Sensi-1 Agrinak chicken up to 10 weeks of age were 21% CP and 3000 kcal/kg.</span></p>
An experiment in feeding pre-starter diets was carried out on local chicken (KUB chicken) raised to the age of 84 days. Four hundred and eighty day-old KUB chicks were allocated to experimental diets of P1 = standard diet without pre-starter; P2 = OASIS ® pre-starter for 48 hours feeding; P3 = COBA-1, a mixture of 76.3% yolk powder, 0.76% inulin powder, 7.63 % honey and 15.3% tomato sauce, for 24 hours feeding; P4 = P3 given for 48 hours feeding; P5 = fresh papaya for 24 hours feeding; P6 = P5 for 48 hours feeding; P7 = fasting for 24 hours and P8 = fasting for 48 hours. Following treatment, the chicks were then fed with standard diet, containing 17.5 % crude protein with 2800 kcal ME/kg up to the end of the experiment. Results showed that the group of chicken on pre-starter diet of ripe papaya fruit (P5 and P6), responded better European Performance Efficiency Factor (EPEF) value of 442 and 356 g/bird, respectively in chicken of P5 and P6. This better response was due to particularly higher viability and the efficiency in utilization of feed.
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